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Managing ocean pollution, How to help our oceans (individually) 1.…
Managing ocean pollution
Causes
Types
Composition of ocean pollution per year in 1968 (according to the National Academy of Sciences)
Acid Chemical Wastes- 3,805899144%
Heavy Metals- 0,9514747859%
Petroleum Products- 95,14747859%
Organic Chemical Wastes- 0,09514747859%
Plastics typically constitute the most important part of marine debris, sometimes accounting for up to 100 % of floating litter (According to the UN)
Origin
Place
Great Pacific Ocean
few hundred kilometers north of Hawaii
North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone
Daily per capita plastic waste across the highest countries – Kuwait, Guyana, Germany, Netherlands, Ireland, the United States – is more than ten times higher than across many countries such as India, Tanzania, Mozambique and Bangladesh.
Total plastic waste by country: With the largest population, China produced the largest quantity of plastic, at nearly 60 million tonnes. This was followed by the United States at 38 million, Germany at 14.5 million and Brazil at 12 million tonnes.
Source
Economic activity
Top contributors of waste in the ocean:
Source
1 Beach Cleaning, Tourism and Recreation
2 Shipping and Yachting.
3 Fisheries.
4 Aquaculture.
5 Agriculture.
6 Human Health.
In 1950 the world produced only 2 million tonnes per year. Since then, annual production has increased nearly 200-fold, reaching 381 million tonnes in 2015
Source
Effect
Who?
Marine Life
Investigations conducted on 555 different species of fish to search for plastic residue, 386 out of the 555 had ingested plastic.
The change in fish population displaces fishing boats to illegal areas harming these ecosystems.
Fishermen
Marine pollution costs the lives of one million seabirds and 100,000 marine mammals. Moreover, it causes $8 billion in damage annually to marine ecosystems.
Source
Coral Reefs
Where?
Process
Would Back Rupt any country attempting to clean up the patch
70% of marine debris actually sinks to the bottom of the ocean
the California current, the North Equatorial current, the Kuroshio current, and the North Pacific current.
What?
Trawling is a fishing technique that drags a huge fishing net across the floor of the ocean catching every thing in its path, destroying the ocean floor and coral reefs.
Overfishing
Oil/chemical spills
Garbage dumping
Sewage
Industrial and agricultural runoff
Airborne pollutants
Sulfur dioxide and mercury from coal burning plants
Pesticide and fertilizer runoff
Illegal fishing
Climate change (warming and acidification)
Possibilities
How to solve?
Who can help? (
Power
)
Eliminate corruption in many levels of the operation
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) works by preventing or limiting the dumping of any material that would adversely affect human health and the marine environment
The London Convention is one of the first international agreements for the protection of the marine environment from human activities.
How to help our oceans (individually) 1. Conserve Water 2.Reduce Pollutants 3. Reduce Waste 4. Shop Wisely 5. Reduce Vehicle Pollution 6.Use Less Energy 7. Fish Responsibly 8. Practice Safe Boating 9. Respect Habitat
Eliminate the use of sinlge use plastics
UN, Green Peace, Local Government (EPA)
How the government is helping:
Fisheries management
Conservation and restoration of coastal lands and ocean habitats, wetlands, tidal marshes, sea grasses and other areas.
Scientific research on species, plant life and reefs
Environment data collection and testing
Clean up of oil and chemical spills
Waste treatment and trash collection
What if we don't solve it?
How to help our oceans (individually) 1. Conserve Water
