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Basic Concepts and Curricular Theory
JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
He is considered as the father of modern progressive education.
He viewed education as a more natural process.
He developed a naturalistic education experiment with a child named Émile.
The child was raised in the countryside out of the city.
He was not taught anything until he was ready to learn.
In the first years, the child just played and enjoyed nature, with no arbitrary punishments.
So this experiment showed that children gain more insights through games and enjoying the physical world.
In which the children should follow the laws of nature and education should not be imposed at a certain age.
For him, education should start by understanding the needs and interests of the child.
Children should understand their world by observing and exploring inside it.
So the children would gain a lot of knowledge on discernment to allow them to unwind in the world.
PLATO
He dreamed of a fairer society.
Full of justice and goodness.
His utopia described:
Knowledge
As a superior form to rule the world.
Superior civil servants
As knowledgeable people with sufficient abilities to impose justice in the world.
Members of society
As not very intelligent people who have assigned tasks and positions according to their skills.
His philosophical ideas are great influences in:
How knowledge is constructed.
Ethical theory
Psychology
The concept of State
ARISTOTLE
Was Plato's pupil
Contributed to shape and dominate the way the Western world thinks.
He gave us a well-thought-out philosophical system to learn.
He analyzed the main areas in philosophy:
Knowledge theory
Logic
Metaphysics
Anthropology
Aesthetics
Ethics-Politics
His philosophy allowed for other ways of thinking:
Rationalism
Empiricism
Kantianism
MONTESSORI
María Montessori founded this pedagogy method.
She was the first female doctor in her country.
And an illustrated woman with a lot of education.
She studied the development in children's environments.
She found that children learn better in a caring and loving space.
And excellent materials are important to guide their development.
She founded the first Children's House in Rome.
Where she concentrated on teaching manners and hygiene to the children.
It viewed education as a natural and free process for children to enjoy.
The goal was to prepare children satisfactorily to become outstanding human beings.
PEDAGOGY
Sees educations as a complex and multi-referencial phenomenon.
Collects knowledge from: history, sociology, psychology, or politics
Its objective is to prepare people to comprehend the world.
And make people think rationally and logically.
Education
Intersectional and multicultural.
Allows improvements and progression of society.
KANT
Established Education Science
Pedagogy
Transforms spontaneous forms of education into a systematic process to acquire knowledge.
Physical Education
Student is a passive learner.
Obedience and discipline are essential.
Practical Education
Student is an active learner.
Is able to use their abilities to reflect and analyze.
