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Anthropology 2200 Study Guide 1, Light Skin Color, Natural selection is…
Anthropology 2200 Study Guide 1
Heredity and Biological Evolution
Forces of Evolution
Recombination
Genetic Drift & Gene Flow
Nonrandom Mating
Mutation
Natural Selection
Same idea
Evolution is:
Descent with modificaiton
A Genetic Process
A process which takes place on the scale of a population
A process which takes many generations
The result of evolutionary forces which produce and redistribute variation
Evolution is not
Lamarckian
Random
Linear from simple to complex
Human Progress
Goal Oriented
Modern Human Variation and The concept of Race
The concept of Race
Not biologically valid
Race is a socially- constructed concept
Differs depending on time, place, subgroups
Modern Human Variation
Advantages and Disadvantages of Dark and Light Skin Color
Dark Skin
In Tropics - advantageous
Reduces risk of skin cancer
enhances sweating and thermoregulation
Melanin is natural sunscreen
prevents sunburn
Outside Tropics - Disadvantage
Reduces UV absoprption
Increases susceptibility to rickets and osteoporosis
Social Construction of Race
Race in US
Hypodescent
children of a union
between members of different
groups are automatically placed in
the minority group
affects different minority groups differently
Race in Japan
Image of homogeneous despite 10% minority population
Burakumin
Physically and Genetically indistinguishable from majority
Stigmatized as inferior due to low-status
Treated similar to US blacks
Race in Brazil
Less exclusive and more fluid in classification
moreso dependent on one's phenotype
History of Evolutionary Thought
Before Darwin
The earth is old enough for species to change
species have changed
Some species have similar features to make them appear to be more closely related
Darwin's Inferences
Survival is non-random
Over generations, selection leads to
Genetic change in the population (microevolution)
Production of new species(macro evolution)
More individuals born than can be supported by available resources leading to a competition for survival
Largely Influenced modern look at evolution, but did not understand the genetic level. Set groundwork for understanding of biological evolution to be possible
Darwin's influences
Uniformitatiranism
The voyage of the beagle
selective breeding
malthus
Ideas about reproduction, populations and variation
Light Skin Color
In Tropics - Disadvantage
Increases susceptibility to folate destruction and NTDs, including spina bifida
Impairs spermatogenesis
Increases susceptibility to sunburn, impaired sweating and thermoregulation
Outside Tropics - Advantageous
Admits UV
Allows body to make vitamin d
Prevents rickets and osteoporosis
Natural selection is driven by the advantages and disadvantages of certain traits