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P3 (Density, Changes of state, Internal energy, Specific Latent heat,…
P3
Density
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Liquids
particles are close together, are not in a regular pattern and are randomly arranged, the particles move to fill the container they’re within
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Gases
Particles move in random directions at random speeds, are very far apart and not arranged in any pattern
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Solids
Particles are close together, arranged in a regular pattern and vibrate around a fixed point
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Changes of state
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When a substance is heated, energy is transferred to the particles into the kinetic energy stores of the particles, so they move faster. Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance.
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Specific heat capacity
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Change in thermal enegy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg) x change in temperature (°C)
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