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Eukaryotic Transcription, Catalytic RNA, Noncoding RNA, RNA Processing,…

- - - - Two metal ions
      - Guanosine (it can be GTP, GDP or GMP, only need is for 3'-OH end)
- - - - Pri-microRNA
        
        DROSHA/DGCR8
        
        Pre-microRNA
        
        Move out from nucleus with exportin 5
        DICER/TRBP activity
        
        RISC complex (RNA Inducing Silencing Complex)
        AGO protein
        
        Gets target RNA
- - - - snRNPs
        
        together with essantial proteins addition snRNPs form
        
        spliceosome
        
        U1 recognizes the 5' splice site which is the GU pair(They mark the site for positioning other splicing machinery).
        
        U2
        
        U5
        
        U4
        
        U6
    - - U1 and SR proteins define the 5' spice site
        
        U2AF binds Py track and 3' splice site. BBP (Branch point binding protein) recognizes the branch site.
        
        SR proteins bridge the complexes at the 5' and 3' splice sites to form commitment (E) complex
        
        The commitment complex (E) progresses to prespliceosome (the A complex) in the presence of ATP.
        
        Recruitment of U5 and U4/U6 snRNPs converts the A complex to the mature spliceosome (the B1 complex).
        
        The B1 complex is next converted to the B2 complex, in which U1 snRNP is released to allow U6 snRNA to interact with the 5′ splice site.
        
        1 more item...
      - An alternative splicing pathway uses another set of snRNPs that comprise the U12 spliceosome.
        The target introns are defined by longer consensus sequences at the splice junctions rather than strictly according to the GU-AG or AU-AC rules.
    - - Autosplicing or self-splicing with ribozyme activity
  - - - nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD)
        
        Upf
        
        DCP
  - - - IRE1
        
        Ribonuclease activity
        (process)
        
        XBP1 mRNA
        
        Translated to
        
        XPB1
        
        Gets into nucleus and starts synthesizing chaperones
    - - Cleavage of rRNA
        
        2'O methylation of rRNA
        
        Psedouridiylation
- - - - protein complex that contains spesificity factor, an endonuclease and poly(A) polymerase
      - The AAUAAA Sequence
- - - - Deadenylation dependent pathway
        
        Decapping
        
        5' to 3' exonucleolytic decay
        
        3' to 5' exonucleolytic decay
      - Endonucleolytic pathway
    - - Destabilizing
      - Stabilizing
      - How do cells control abnormal mRNAs?
        
        Nuclear Surveillance System
        
        Cytoplasmic Surveillance Systems
        
        Nonsense mediated decay
        
        Nonstop decay
        
        No-go decay