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Flavoured E-Cigarette Ban in Canada: Health Policy Contexts - Coggle…
Flavoured E-Cigarette Ban in Canada: Health Policy Contexts
Scientific
E-Cigarette create dangerous chemicals (American Lung Association, 2020)
Acetaldehyde
Aldehydes cause lung and cardiovascular disease
Acrolein
Formaldehyde
Health risks from second-hand e-cigarette emissions
User breaths out chemical cocktail
Nicotine, volatile organic compounds (benzene), and heavy metals
Second hands emissions contain chemicals from flavouring, such as diacetyl
Causes lung disease
Acrolein (herbicide)
Can cause lung injury, COPD, and asthma, and lung cancer
Propylene glycol and vegetable glycerine found in e-liquid
Toxic to cells
Risks of Vaping (Health Canada, 2020)
Nicotine is very addictive substance
Nicotine dependence
Nicotine addiction
Children and youth are more susceptible
Can lead to cognitive and behavioural issues
Nicotine can:
Impact memory and concentration
Alter brain development in adolescents
Economic (Macro-level)
Provinces
Ontario (Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada, 2021)
Ontario imposes restrictions (January 1st, 2021) on selling vaping flavours, other than tobacco, menthol, or mint flavours
Saskatchewan adopts similar policy, but restricts flavours to tobacco and methanol in speciality stores
PEI bans flavoured vaping products
Quebec, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut plan to ban flavours in vaping products
British Columbia (Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada, 2021)
20% tax on vaping products
Newfoundland and Labrador and Saskatchewan impose the same 20% tax
Nova Scotia imposes tax on e-cigarettes ($0.50 per ml)
Regulations (Health Canada, 2020
Tobacco and Vaping Products Act (TVPA)
Legislated May 2018
Regulates sale, labelling, and promotion of tobacco and vaping products
Prohibits promotion of vape flavours that appeal to youth (e.g., candy flavours)
Foods and Drugs Act (FDA)
Regulates vaping product health claims
Collaborates w/ Health Canada to regulate health claims
Collaborates w/ Health Canada to regulate health claims
Canada Consumer Product Safety (CCPSA)
Vaping products wo/health claims are regulated under the CCPSA and CCR
Products that are "very toxic" are ban from advertising or sale
E.g., vaping products w/ a nicotine concentration equal to or higher than 66mg/g
National Regulations
Canada-wide
Canada's Regulatory Plan for E-Cigarettes (Health Canada, 2021)
Restrictions on vaping flavoured products are being proposed for 2021-2023
Restrictions would impact vaping product producers and retailers
Federal budget proposes tax on vaping liquids of $1 per 10ml for 2022 (Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada, 2021)
Individual
Risk perception (Health Canada, 2018)
23% of students in grade 7 to 12 perceive no risk for using e-cigarettes occasionally
8% of students percieve a great from using e--cigarett
Only 8% of students perceive a great risk for using e-cigarettes
10% of students were not aware of the harm impacts of using e-cigagrettes
Youth are influenced by friends and social circles (Health Canada, 2020)
Canadians aged 13 to 19 are most influenced to try a vaping product, if there friends vape (58%)
37% of youth think e-cigarettes are cool
They tried vaping because of the flavours
21% were offered vapes
22% think vaping looks fun and exciting
Social
Social Paradigms of Smoking (Health Canada, 2020)
Public education and legislation have denormalized smoking
Smoking is no long perceived as cool by young individuals
New generation are perceiving vaping differently than "smoking"
Regulatory measures such as advertising, promotion and flavour bans have reduced youth interest to smoke
Social Class/Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Smoking
Adults w/ low levels of education who are unemployed (CDC, 2019)
Adults with lower SES have higher rates of smoking
Low SES groups are more likely to have harmful health effects and exposure to second-hand smoke
Individuals low SES have a higher lung cancer risk
Adolescents with lower SES have higher exposure to vaping advertising and e-cigarette use (Simon et al., 2018)
Lower SES is related with higher e-cigarette use among adolscents
Lower community SES is related with higher exposure to cigarette advertisements
E-cigarettes are more socially acceptable, harm perception not as clear
Political
The federal Government is planning to adopt further regulations on banning vaping products
Likely influenced by provinces and territories imposing their own restrictions
Existing Policies in Provinces
Numerous provinces/territories have already implemented restrictions on vaping flavours
Large proportion of provinces and municipalities have already already agreed upon the ban of flavoured vaping products
Pre-existing smoking restrictions in Canada
Smoke Free Ontario Act (Government of Ontario, 2021)
Prohibits Individuals from smoking or vaping in closed workplaces or enclosed public places
Drivers/passengers cannot smoke or vape in vape with individuals 15 years and younger
There were already pre-existing legislation, such as the TVPA on reducing promotion of vaping flavours
The existing legislation make it more feasible to implement the ban on vaping flavours
International Policies
The United States have imposes restrictions on vaping flavours (FDA, 2020)
FDA has ban the use of unauthorized flavoured vaping products that appeal to children and youth, such as fruit and mint flavours
Denmark legislates ban on vaping flavours (to come in effect October 2022) (Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada, 2021)