Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
biopsychology - neurons and synaptic transmission - Coggle Diagram
biopsychology - neurons and synaptic transmission
neurons
three types
sensory - found in receptors such as eyes, ears, tongue, skin - carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain, when nerve impulses reach the brain they are translated into sensations such as vision, hearing, touch etc - not all reach the brain as some stop at spinal cord allowing quick reflex actions
motor - found in central nervous system and control muscle movement , when motor neurons are stimulated they release neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on muscles to trigger a response which lead to movement - connect central nervous system to effectors such as muscles and glands
relay- found in-between sensory input and motor output - response. they are found in the brain and the spinal cord and allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate, connect sensory neurons to motor and other relay neurons
around 100 billion neurons in human nervous system, 80% in brain
transmission
electrical - firing of a neuron
when a neuron is resting, the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside
the neuron is activated by a stimulus
the inside of the cell becomes positively charged
this causes a potential action to occur
it creates an electrical impulse which travels down the axon
chemical transmission - synapses
nerve impulses travel down the axon (electrical transmission)
nerve impulse reaches pre-synaptic nerve terminal
electrical impulse triggers release of neurotransmitters from sacs called synaptic vessels
neurotransmitters fired into synaptic gap where they diffuse across the gap
neurotransmitter binds with receptors on the dendrite of adjacent neuron
if successful, the neurotransmitter is taken up by the post-synaptic neuron
cells
the cell body (soma) includes a nucleus
branch like structures called dendrites carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons
the axon carries the impulses away from the cell body, down the length of the neuron and is covered in a fatty layer of myelin sheath that protects the axon and speeds up the electrical process
at the end of the axon are terminal buttons that communicate with the next neuron in the chain across a gap called a synapse
neurons
motor
cell body
dendrites
axon
axon terminal
relay
dendrites
cell body
axon
axon terminal
sensory
dendrites
axon
cell body
axon terminal