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scenario 3, pulmonary tuberculosis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The structure consists of
        
        Three pairs of smaller cartilage
        
        Arytenoidea, corniculata, cuneiformis
        
        A fibroelastic membrane and a number of intrinsic muscles
        
        repeated large unpaired prone
        
        Cricoidea, thyroidea, epiglottis
      - innervation
        
        N. Vagus
        
        Motor and sensory innervation
      - Vascularity
        
        Superior and inferior laryngeal artery
    - - Flexible tube of 6-4/5 thoracic vertebrae
      - Branched into bronchus principalis dextra and sinistra
      - Maintained by a C-shaped ring of transverse cartilage
      - The lower part has a hook-like structure: carina
      - Posterior wall of the trachea: smooth muscle
    - - Common paths for air and food
      - Connecting the original cavity and the rice cavity
      - Divided into 3 regions
        
        Pars nasalis pharyngis/nasopharynx
        
        Pars oralis pharyngis/oropharynx
        
        Pars laryngea pharyngis/laryngopharynx
      - muscle
        
        Musculi constrictores pharyngis
        
        Superior
        
        Medius
        
        Inferior
        
        Musculi longitudinalis
        
        Stylopharyngeus
        
        Salpingopharyngeus
        
        Palatopharyngeus
    - - Bronchus principalis dextra and sinistra
        
        Each bronchus principalis enters the pulmonary radix and passes through the pulmonary hilum into the pulmonary
      - Within the pulmo, bronchus principalis is divided into
        
        bronchi lobaris
        
        divided into segmental bronchi
    - - Consists of olfactorium receptors
      - Separated by the rice septum
        
        Each nasal cavity has a base, roof, medial and lateral walls
      - aperture
        
        Anterior : nares
        
        posterior : choanae
      - Bone skeleton
        
        Not in pairs
        
        Os. ethmoidale, sphenoidale, frontale, vomer
        
        in pairs
        
        Os. nasale, maxilla, palatum, lacrimale,
        concha nasalis inferio
      - vascularity
        
        Internal and external carotid arteries
      - innervation
        
        N. ophtalmicus and N. maxillaris
        
        N. Facialis
        
        N. olfactorius
  - - - Pleura parietalis
      - Pleura viceralis
    - - pulmo dextra
      - pulmo sinistra
    - - Arteri pulmonalis dextra dan sinistra
- - - - Respiratory epithelial restriction. Certain areas are lined with flattened epithelium without horns
      - The larynx is divided into 3 regions
        
        Vestibule
        
        Ventricles
        
        The infraglottic space
      - Have cartilage, extrinsic and intrinsic muscles, mucous and seromucosal glands
    - - Respiration area
        
        Bordered by stratified cylindrical epithelium + cilia + goblet cells
        
        Subepithelial connective tissue
        
        Contains PD and seromucous glands
      - olfaktorius area
        
        Bordered by stratified cylindrical epithelium + cilia + goblet cells
        
        Basal cells
        
        Sustentacular cells
        
        Olfactory cells
        
        Receive sensory stimuli
        
        lamina propria
        
        Contains PD and Bowman's glands (thin mucus)
    - - mucosa
        
        Epitel respiratoris + sel goblet
        
        Lamina propria
        
        Lamina elastika
      - sub mucosal
        
        Mucous and seromucosal glands
      - adventist
        
        Occupied with a C ring and hyaline cartilage / thick connective tissue between the rings
        
        Tracheal muskulus
        
        Posterior part
    - - like a trachea
    - - mucosa
        
        Respiratory epithelium + goblet cells
        
        Subepithelial connective tissue is not limited by the lamina elastika
      - muscle
        
        Two bands of smooth muscle are lined up around the mucosa
      - Irregular hyaline cartilage encircles smooth muscle
      - Seromucosal glands
      - Lymphatic nodules and pulmonary artery branches
    - - Epithelial cylindrical layer + cilia-epithelium layer of cabbage
      - Clara cells are not ciliated
        
        gland (-)
        
        energized smooth muscle
      - Lamina propria
      - Cartilage (-)
    - - Epithelium layer cabbage + cilia with clara cells
      - A little connective tissue and smooth muscle
  - - - Similar to terminylated bronchioles
      - Have pockets that stick out (alveoli) on the walls
      - The first area where gas exchange occurs
    - - Does not have its own wall
      - In the form of a straight tube, the length is limited by a flat layer of epithelium
      - Looks alveoli
      - Ending at the alveolar sac
    - - Each sac has a number of alveoli
      - epithelium
        
        Type 1 pneumocytes
        
        Wall composer
        
        Type 2 pneumocytes
        
        Forms surfactants
      - Consists of a group of alveoli surrounding the air space
      - Alveolus
        
        A small air-filled space surrounded by a thin epithelium
        
        Cell-bound type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes
        
        Each alveoli is separated by interalveolar septa
- - - - Nerve impulses are transmitted through the autonomic jaras of the spinal medulla
        
        Through sympathetic jaras flowing into the skin throughout the body
  - - - Quick inspiration quickly some blood
      - The glottis opened reflexively
    - - Closure of the glottis for 0.2 seconds
        
        Pressure on the lungs and abdomen >>
        
        cough
    - - Actively, the glottis is open
        
        The air comes out and vibrates the airway network and existing air
        
        Coughing up sound
- - - - new cases
      - relapse
      - after deafult
    - - heavy
      - light
    - - Pulmonary TB BTA (-)
      - Pulmonary TB BTA (+)
- - - - Phagocytosis by macrophages
        
        Digestion of TB bacilli
        
        TB bacilli reproduce in macrophages
        
        Digestion of macrophages
        
        Tubercle formation
        
        Lymph nodes
        
        Haematogenous spread
        
        1 more item...
        
        Resolution
        
        Calcification
        
        1 more item...
        
        Chasing
        
        Broken
        
        1 more item...
- - - - At least 2 of the 3 specimens of SPS BTA were positive
      - If only 1 specimen is positive / all are negative
        
        X-ray (+) pulmonary TB
        
        Patients with pulmonary TB X-rays (-)
        
        Pulmonary TB Repeat sputum examination (SPS)
        
        If the result remains (-) Patients with non-pulmonary TB
- - - - Advanced phase (4-6 / 12 months)
      - Intensive phase (2-3 months)
    - - Rifampisin, isoniazid, pirazinamid, etambutol,
        streptomisin
- - - - Early detection and treatment
        
        Screening for disease detection in the early phase
    - - Prevent the disease from getting worse / chronic
        
        Routine and regular treatment
        
        Prevent damage / complications of disease
    - - Prevent disease, disability, and
        injury
        
        Cover mouth and nose when sneezing / coughing
        
        Do not produce phlegm carelessly
        
        If you have pulmonary TB
        
        Take OAT completely and regularly until healed
        
        Apply a clean and healthy lifestyle
  - - - Take care of yourself and the environment