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DEGENERATIVE OCULAR CONDITIONS - Coggle Diagram
DEGENERATIVE OCULAR CONDITIONS
CATARACT
CAUSES
Degenerative changes.
Foreign body injury.
Secondary effects.
Drug or chemical toxicity.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Visual distortions
Loss of vision
Diminished visual acuity
Myopia
Presbyopia
Accommodation changes
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Some eye Cataract are hereditary, passing to generations
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Inability to see clearly especially during the night
Always seeking for extra lights to carry out some activities
Even Eye glasses may not satisfy his or her needs to see clearly
In one of the eyes appearing of more than one vision
Cloudy vision
Easily hurt by light during sunny day
NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSES INTERVENTIONS
Surrounding environment must of the patient must be light enough to assist the sight of tje patient
Even during the night, the a nurse must ensure adequate light to satisfaction of patient's needs
The nurse must teach a patient some skill of communication using large visual aids
Enquire about activities that the patient can do and the ability to See
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Snellen visual acuity test
Ophthalmoscopy
Slit lamp biomicroscopic examination
HEALTH EDUCATION
Patients diet should contains mor high antioxidants such as Vitamin E and C to avoid the development of eye Cataract
Quite Smocking because it is dangerous for his or her eye
Use of prescribed Eye Glasses or sunglasses to prevent the eyes from harmful ultraviolet sun light
Also too much alcohol can trigger the development of of eye Cataract so it is advisable to reduce alcohol consumption
AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIVE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Eyes center becomes blurry or totally dark
The vision becomes lesser and lesser, or even worse
Rarely, worse or different color perception
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Distorted vision
New and abnormal blood vessels
Partial loss of vision
Abnormality where straight lines appear wavy
Inability to see where there is an insufficient light
CAUSES
Hypertension
High levels of cholesterol
Smoking
Light skinned people
It's more likely to females
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Dilated Eye examination
Ophthalmoscopy
Eye Chart Test
Fluorescein Angiography
Optical Coherence Tomography
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
This arises from degenerative changes in their chemical state of the lens protein as they elderly
HEALTH EDUCATION
Avoid Processed foods that contain trans fats.
one can pursue lifestyle changes like dieting, exercise, avoiding smoking, and protecting your eyes from ultraviolet light.
Provide natural lighting
Frequently visit the Nearest clinic for advises on how to keep cholesterol levels low
Know Levels of blood pressure and report abnormalities
NURSING CARE PLAN
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Patient to gain optimal vision and allow visual changes
Patient will be able to tell about visual loss and other complications of the eye
Patient should know how to overcome permanent vision loss if happens
NURSING INTERVENTION
Advise a patient on the importance of seeing ophthalmologist
Provide large print objects and visual aids for teaching.
Place a patient in a light environment to carry out some activities
Ensure that the patient fully understands the laser surgery
GLAUCOMA
CAUSE
dilating eye drops.
Inability to drain in the eye
corticosteroids can cause the glaucoma
The shortage of blood flowing in the optic nerve
Hypertension
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Nausea and vomiting
Inability to see during the night due to disturbance of vision
Halos around lights
Patient can complain with Aching eyes frequently
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
This results in demaging the optic nerve
The drainage from the aqueous humor may not be as effective as it must be
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Visual Field Testing
Acuity Test
Ophthalmoscopy
Gonioscopy
Optic Nerve Imaging
NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Allow the patient to breath about the loss of vision or the possible Chances to become blind
Ensure that the patient take the medication accordingly
Assess the type and degree of vision loss
Inform the patient about the importance of wiping secretions passing from the eyes
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Prevent further loss of vision
Patient should be able to overcome challenges that he/ she might face
HEALTH EDUCATION
Do not attempt driving because that may be dangerous to yourself and others
Use the Sunglasses to protect eyes during the sunny days
Instill eye drops as doctor prescribed
Avoid rubbing eyes and use the contact lenses
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The patient may be nauseous
vomiting
Both eyes appear as reddiskh in color
Unexpected loss of vision sometimes
Blurry vision
Aching of the eye
REFERENCES
https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/age-related-macular-degeneration-overview
https://nurseslabs.com/2-cataracts-nursing-care-plans/
https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/cataracts/how-can-i-prevent-cataracts
https://nurseslabs.com/cataract/#causes
https://nursestudy.net/glaucoma-nursing-care-plans/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15065-strabismus-crossed-eyes
STRABISMUS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Double vision from each eye
Extremely tiredness of the eyes
Eye strain
Sever pains in the eyes
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Eyes looking at the different direction at the same time
Eye strain
Double vision
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Disturbance vision
double vision
A decreased depth perception
Eyes pains accompanied by headache
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
This may be due to nerve damage when the muscles around the eye do not work together as normal
So when the brain receives different visual messages from each eye
It simply ignore the ones from the weaker eye because they are not equally strong
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Checking of crossed eyes by corneal light
visual acuity test
Measuring of eye movements and deviation
a retina examination to check any damage on back of the eye
NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSES INTERVENTIONS
Remind the patient to is corrective lenses
Assist the patient to carry out some eye exercises
Assess the improvement of the vision and report any abnormalities that can appear after the went to a surgery
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Correcting the strabismus
HEALTH EDUCATION
Wear glasses because they can help in correcting strabismus
Do not point sharp objects to your eyes because you may hurt yourself
