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negative structures, articles and quantifiers, Phrasal verbs, negative…
negative structures
negative question:ask for confirmation of something we think is true or not true. Ex: Didn't you go out with Tom yesterday?
to express our opinions politelyEx: Wouldn't be better to tell her the thruth?
usually form negative infinitives and -ing forms by putting not or never before them Ex: I was lucky not to miss the train
articles and quantifiers
a lot of,a little,all,another,both,each,every,few,many,no,several,some
after both and all, we often leave out of before determiners Ex: both my parents are film fans .All the actors have starred in others films
no and every can't be followed by of;instead we use none of and every one/each of. Ex: None of the main characters are female.
a most of quantifiers can be followed by of +a determiner
Use few/little instead of a few/a little to emphasis the smallness of the number or quantity
Phrasal verbs
can be transitive ( have an object) or intransitive Ex: Can you pick me up after school?
When a transitive phrasal verbs is inseparable, the object comes after the particle Ex: He's trying to get over their break up
when a transitive phrasal verb is separable, the object can usually go before or after the particle Ex: He's decided to call their date off/call off their date. However,when the object is a pronoum,it must come before the particle. Ex: Do you think Ella will turn him down?
with some transitive phrasal verbs,the object must come before the particle Ex:Donna messed Bill about,so he finished with her.
negative adverbials
never,nowhere,rarely,hardlly,in no way,at no time,on ...no account,only(if/when/once),not until,under no circunstances,not only
If we use them at the beginning of a sentence:
Adverb+ auxiliary+person+verb
Auxiliaries: DO/DOES= PRESENT DID+PAST WILL=FUTURE AM,IS,ARE=VERB TO BE PRESENT WAS/WERE=VERB TO BE PAST HAD = PAST PERFECT MODALS=CAN,COULD,MAY,MIGHT,SHOULD,WOUL,MUST
Subject-verb order changes- usually folowed by an auxiliar verb Ex: Rarely do friends get along all the time