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CHAPTER 1: EXPLORE THE NETWORK 1.2 Classify Network Protocols and…
CHAPTER 1: EXPLORE THE NETWORK
1.2 Classify Network Protocols and Communication
1.2.1 The purpose of the Cisco IOS
It OS called
Internetwork Operating System
or Cisco
IOS
Provide
services
such as:
Reliable and secure access to networked resources
Network scalability
Basic routing and switching functions
Operating System (OS)
Contain
OS Kernel
~Communicates directly with the hardware
~Manage how hardware resources are used to meet software requirements
Hardware
~The physical part of a computer including underlying electronics
OS Shell
~A command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI)
~Enables a user to interface with application
All
require an OS
such as:
-Apple iOS and Android for smart phones and tablets
-Cisco IOS for network devices such as switches, routers, wireless AP ,firewall and etc.
-Windows, Mac and Linux for PCs and laptops
Purpose:
Using a CLI on a Cisco IOS switch or router enables a network technician to :
~Use a keyboard to run CLI based network programs
~Use a keyboard to enter text and text based commands
The are many distinct variations of Cisco IOS:
~IOS for switches, routers, and other Cisco networking devices
~IOS numbered versions for a given Cisco networking devices
Using a GUI enables a user to :
~Use a mouse to make selections and run programs
~Enter text and text - based commands
Router user Interface
-Accessible through several methods
b. Dialup
Connection using a modem or null modem connected to the router AUX port
c.Telnet
To the router
a. Console
Uses a low speed serial connection directly from a computer or terminal to the console connection on the router.
1.2.2 How to access a Cisco IOS device for configuration purposes
Comman ways to access the IOS :
2. Secure Shell (SSH)
-Inband methods for remotely and securely establishing a CLI session over a network.
-User authentication, passwords and commands sent over the network are encryted.
3.Telnet
-Inband interfaces remotely establishing a CLI session through a virtual interface over a network.
-User authentication,passwords and commands are sent over the network in plaintext
1. Console port
-Out of band serial port used primarily for management purposes such as the initial configuration of the router
IOS Modes
2. Privileged EXEC Mode (enable mode)
-Accesses all router commands
-Require a password from the user before accessing it
-Configuration and management commands require
-Identified by the "#" prompt
3. Global Configuration Mode
-Allow users to modify the running system configuration
-Enter the command configure terminal if enter the configuration mode
-Has various submodes
-Identified by the (config)# prompt following the router name
-Words inside the parentheses change when configuration mode submodes change
-Enter end or press Ctrl- Z for exit configuration mode.
1. User EXEC Mode
-Allow only a limited number of basic monitoring commands.
-View only mode
-Not allow commands that can change the configuration of the router.
-Identified by the ">" prompt
Configuration Example:
c. Router (config)# banner motd # 'banner' #
d. Router # copy running- config startup-config
b. Router (config)# hostname 'name'
e. Router (config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1
a. Router # show running - config
f. Router (config )# enable secret class
g. Router (config )# interface vlan 20
h. Router (config )# interface fa0/1
1.2.3 The command structure of the Cisco IOS software
Configuration Command Modes
Interface mode
-to configure one of the network interfaces
Line mode
- to configure the console, AUX, Telnet or SSH access
Called Global Configuration or Global config
-Use the configure terminal command to access
-Changes made effect the operation of the device
Basic IOS Command Structure
~Supports many commands
~Has a specifix format or syntax
~Can be executed in appropriate mode
~Syntax -Command followed by appropriate keywords and arguments
a. Keyword
-a specific parameter defined in the operating system
b. Argument
- not predefined a value or variable defined by the user
IOS Command Syntax
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
Ctrl-E
-Moves to the end of the line
Ctrl-R
-Redisplays a line
Ctrl-A
-Moves to the beginning of the line
Ctrl- Z
-Exits the configuration mode and return to user EXEC
Tab
-Complete the reminder of a partically entered command
Ctrl- C
-Exits the configuration mode or aborts the current command
Up Arrow
-Allows the user to scroll backward through commands
Ctrl-Shift-6
-Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process
Down Arrow
-Allows the user to scroll through command history
1.2.4 How devices communicate across network media
Overview Network Components:
a. Network Components for Devices :
b. Network Components for Media :
c. Network Components for Services:
END DEVICES:
INTERMEDIARY NETWORK DEVICES:
Function:
a .Regenerate and retransmit data signals
b. Maintain information about what pathways exits through the network and internetwork.
c. Notify other devices of errors and communication failures
d. Direct data along altermate pathways when there is a link failure
e. Classify and direct messages according to priorities.
f. Permit or deny the flow of data based on security things.
Network Media:
b. Fiber Optic
c.Wireless
a. Copper
NETWORK REPRESENTATIONS:
NETWORK INTERNET CARD (NIC):
TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM:
a. Physical Topology:
b. Logical Topology
