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Digestive & Urinary- Jaqueline ornelas P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary- Jaqueline ornelas P.1
Location of Digestion & Absorption of each Macromolecule
Nucleic Acid
nucleic acid..>nucleases..>nucleotides
digested in small intestine with help of pancreatic enzyme
absorption occurs in duodenum and jejunum
Protein
digestion & absorption of proteins that occurs mostly in the small intestine
chyme leaves stomach and enters small intestine
protein..>peptidases..>amino acids
starts at stomach chemical digestion, turn protein into smaller polypeptides
Carbohydrates
the digestion begins in mouth with mechanical action of chewing
travel through esophagus to stomach
broken down by salivary gland and pancreatic amylase
left off with glucose, fructose and galactose, where they can now be absorbed
Major functions of digestive system
digestion and absorption of food from metabolism
digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller molecules
absorption is chemically digested food that moved into intestine into blood
there are two types of digestion
mechanical and chemical
excretes food components that are indigestible
Disorders of the digestive system
Gallstones-blocks bile duct
jaundice- skin discoloration due to excessive bile of blood
caused by gallstones, diseased liver, hepatitis
cirrhosis-chronic inflammation of the liver resulting alcoholism, or chronic hepatitis
hepatitis- inflammation of liver caused by drug toxicity and wild mushroom poisoning
Major organs of Digestive system
Alimentary canal
long irregularly shaped tube thats about 30ft long
digest food and absorbs
Mouth
receives food and starts mechanical digestion
chemical digestion occurs
saliva=enzymes
food is moved towards pharynx
Pharynx
passageway for food
receives food from mouth
laryngopharynx
oropharynx
nasopharynx
esophagus
passageway leading to stomach through diagram opening
connects pharynx to stomach
moves food by peristalsis
connects to stomach at lower end of sphincter
stomach
j shaped
3 parts
cardia and fundus which is enlarged opening next to esophagus
body which is the central main part
pylorus- lower narrow section
small intestine
breaks down food from stomach and absorbs much of nutrients from food
22ft long
connects stomach to large intestine
3 sections
1.dudenum- most fixed
jejunum- absorption
ilium- absorbs vitamins and bile salts
ileoceacal sphincter joins small to large intestines cecum
Large intestines
digests by basteria
absorption of water and salt
from, store and eliminate feces
5ft long
SUBDIVISIONS
cecum
ascending
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
Anal canal(anus)
Accessory Digestive organs
Teeth
masticate food into smaller pieces
mechanical breakdown
4 types
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Togue
thick muscular organ covered in mucus
mixes food with saliva
bolus from food and saliva
taste receptors
Liver
converts carbohydrates and proteins to fats
largest internal organ
regulates chemical levels in blood
responsible for metabolic activities
Gall Bladder
stores bile for liver
is under surface of liver
concentrates and stores bile produced in the liver to release into small intestines
Pancreas
behind stomach
secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum
some enzymes used to digest nutrients are protease, trypsin, lipase,and amylase
salivary glands
secrete saliva
serous cells that produce watery fluid with and anzyme
receive parasympathetic triggers production of large volume of
paratoid glands infront of ear tat secrete clear, serous in amylase
submandivular glands on floor of mouth that secrete more viscous fluid
sublingual glands- inferior to tongue secrete saliva that is thick and stringy
Digestive Enzymes
Pepsin-stomach enzyme serves to digest proteins found in ingested food
sucrase- aids in breakdown into glucose and fructose= body fuel
lactase- breaksdown into smaller sugar called glucose and galactose
maltase-produces simple sugar glucose
amylase- polysaccharides into discchardies and monossaccharides
layers of GI Tract
1. Mucosa
produces mucus for reduction of friction
3 layes
epithelium- protects against friction in mouth, anus, and esophagus
lamina propria- areolar ct, has blood and lymphatic vessels and lymph node for nourishment and immunity
Muscularis mucosae- 2 thin layer of smooth muslce
2. submucosa
areolar ct containing major blood vessel
many elastic fibers in order to keep shape
Submucosal plexus autonomic nerve supply
glands and lymphatic tissue
3. Muscularis layer
muscle layer
2 layers of smooth muscle allowing peristalsis adn segmentation
inner circular layer, squeeze, decreases size of lumen, some areas acts as sphincter/ valves
outer longitudinal layer- shortens intetsine
myenteric plexus-nevrves
4.serosa
outercovering
serous membrane has thin layer of areolar ct and simple squamous epithelium
produces serous fluid for lubrication
covers the outside of abdominal organs
attaches to digestive tarct of the abdominopelvic cavity by forming folds called mesenteries
Major function of urinary system
absorb waste from filtered blood
creates urine from waste and exits trough urination
disorder of urinary system
diabetes- kidney failure, unsufficient blood filtration
kindey stones- waste that is left behid from deposits of salts/minerals of kidneys
Major organs of Urinary system
kidneys-maintain internal body environment, drained by uteres, filters blood, creates urine from filtrated blood
ureters- small tubes that connect to kidneys to urinary bladder, delivers urine to bladder
Urinary bladder-temporary urine storage
urethra- how the urine travels out the body, muscular tube