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Changing role of the princeps, In what ways did the political role of the…
Changing role of the princeps
thesis: articulate the original role of the princeps and the factors that change it
augustan model of the princeps
"pater patriae" - father of the country
spending out of pocket for the people
humble, one of the people, dignified and respectable
prudent
auctoritas
expected to act in the best interests of Rome - senate, people and army
conservative outward preservation of republican ideals
outwardly maintaining the importance of the senate
concealing his power to appease all of the people
conservative spending policies
restrained, humility
the word princeps --> 'first citizen', 'first among equals,'
Julio-Claudians
factors which changed the role of the princeps
differing political agendas, approach to rule
behaviour and actions of each emperor
the impacts of each ruler's character and personality
changes:
overall divergence from republican ideals
all four principes claim to preserve Augustan model BUT they all diverge
increase in autocracy, consequent degradation of the role of the senate/senatorial powers
centralised/imperial bureaucracy, increased role of freedmen
Turning Points:
Tiberius
retirement to Capri in 26CE
Death of his son in 23CE
Sejanus' reign of tyranny while Tiberius is away
Caligula
37CE he gets ill, returns and is mad?
Claudius?
Nero
62CE the death of Burrus, his replacement with Tigellenus, the return of maiestas trials
In what ways did the political role of the princeps change under the Julio-Claudians?
(25 marks)
Tiberius
Although he attempted to conform to Augustan ideals and had similar political values/was equally conservative, Tiberius lacked the charisma to appease the Roman people
Attempted to preserve repulican ideals --> increased the roles and responsibilities of the senate
deviated from augustan model --> hated flattery, inadvertently created an atmosphere of fear and tension because the senate didn't know what to expect
turning point: the death of his son Drusus in 23 CE, increasing power given to Sejanus culminating in Tiberius' retirement to Capri in 26CE (Sejanus' reign of terror)
Caligula
Claudius
Nero