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Networking, Whenever we implement a network and try to connect and…
Networking
Modelo TCP/IP: It´s an open standard that allows to connect two different computers around the world. It defines 4 independents layers (capas) that split the communication process between 2 devices:
Application (DATA): Responsible of translate data of the app, program in order to send them to the network.Functions:
- Representation.
- Codification.
- Dialog control.
- User application Management.
Protocols:
- File Transfer protocol (FTP): It transmits files between two devices. Create one virtual connection for control information and then it creates another connection for send the data. Ports are 20 and 21.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): It`s used to show most of the web pages in internet. Port 80.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure: Its a best version of
HTTP: It allows identity verification and low level encryption using TCP port 443.
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): Transfer email messages between two systems and provide incoming emails notifications. Port 25.
- Domain Name System (DNS): It's responsible for recognizing the name of the remote machine with which you want to establish the connection and translates the name to its IP address. Port 53.
- Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP): Same functions than FTP but It works over UDP. It`s faster but less secure and reliability. Port 69.
Transport (SEGMENT): This layer establish, maintain and finish the virtual circuits. Data that comes from the app layer are split creating different segments.Functions:
- Reliability (Also Internet connections).
- Flow control.
- Error correction.
- Retransmission.
Protocols:
- Transport Control Protocol (TCP): It establish a logic connection between end points of the network. It controls the flow in order not to loss packets. It`s a connection oriented protocol.
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP): It doesn
t support errors control. It doesnt matter if the message comes completely (VoIP Skype, teams).
Internet (PACKET): It splits the segments from transport layer in packets and send them through the IP.Functions:
- Provide connections between users.
- Select the best path between source and destination.
Protocol:
- Internet Protocol (IP): It allows to gather 2 computers in anytime and any place. It`s not an reliability protocol. it offers Best effort
Network Access (PLOT - TRAMA): Control the phisyc level access that is used and send the information through it.Function:
- Transform to basic information (bits) all the information that this layer gets from the rest of layers.
- It uses MAC directions for physical direction.
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Protocols: In order to send the information between two devices, it´s mandatory that these devices talk the same language, this set of rules is called protocol.
Key elements:
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Server Management: Is the process of monitoring and maintaining servers to operate at peak performance.
Virtual servers can help increase efficiency by enabling more to be done with less hardware.
Ejm: SolarWinds Server & App Monitor, Windows Server.
Having an effective server management strategy can help you avoid downtime, security breaches, and server performance inefficiencies
Goals:
- Minimize server slowdowns and downtime.
- Build secure server environments.
- Ensure servers continue to meet the needs of an organization as it evolves.
Includes:
HW Mngt
- CPU Central Processing Unit
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SW Mngt: Ensure SW, firmware and operating systems are regularly updated.
Security: Implement security measures like antivirus sw, firewalls, access control and data encryptions.
Backups: Whether you use cloud or physical storage, back up data regularly and have a recovery plan in place.
Modelo OSI: OSI model stands for Open System Interconnection. It’s a reference model which describes that how different applications will communicate to each other over the computer network
- Application
- Presentation
- Session
- Transport: TCP, UDP
- Network: IP, IPv6
- Data Link: Detect errors, Mac Addresses. Protocol Ethernet
- Physical: protocol Ethernet. All about the hardware.
Firewall: is a concept of a security system that will helps computers to protect it with unauthorized access or any cyber-attack.
It blocks any incoming or outcoming traffic, according to the rules, polities that have been established.
It monitories all the network traffic according to rules and polities.
Purpose: To avoid attacks from outside
Tipos:
- Packets filtered
- Stateful firewall. Review connection states.
- Proxy Server.
- NGFW: Firewall of last generation: Statefull Firewall + control apps.
SSL (Security Socket layer): It´s a cryptographic protocols that provide secure communications over a network, commonly the Internet.
TLS (Transport Layer Security), or TLS, is a widely adopted security protocol designed to facilitate privacy and data security for communications over the Internet.
Secure Service Networks (SSN) are network compartments build up between Client networks and DXC networks
to host infrastructure components.
HTTPS is an implementation of TLS encryption on top of the HTTP protocol, which is used by all websites as well as some other web services. Any website that uses HTTPS is therefore employing TLS encryption.
There are three main components to what the TLS protocol accomplishes: Encryption, Authentication, and Integrity
- Encryption: hides the data being transferred from third parties.
- Authentication: ensures that the parties exchanging information are who they claim to be.
- Integrity: verifies that the data has not been forged or tampered with.
Proxy: Its function is to work as gateway between a client and a server. It works as a spokesman (Recordar ejemplo mamá mandando al hijo al super) and it has its own IP.It´s an element that are between the server and a client.Functions:
- Filtering content.
- Access Management to the network.
- Caché Web.
IP or internet protocol:A unique number that identify us in the internet. It allows the communication and everyone can find us with that number.
PRIVATE: IP that represents us inside our home network.
PUBLIC: IP that represents us in the internet.
Networking Model: colección de estandar, protocolos o lineamientos que sirven para conectar dos computadoras
Whenever we implement a network and try to connect and communicate different devices over the network We use either the OSI or the TCP/IP reference model