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Bilingualism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Spoken English and spoken German.
  - - - American Sign Language and Japanese Sign Language.
  - - - Spoken French and written Sanskrit.
- - - - The learner would retard or his learning would be negatively influenced.
      - It would intellectually retard the development of thinking and cognitive capacities.
      - It could be detrimental to young children´s cultural values.
- - - - Bilingualism caused retardation in language development.
      - Bilingual people had poor language knowledge than standard English speakers.
      - Their productive skills as speaking are writing were non native-likes.
    - - Bilingual children have were as good in their abilities as native speakers.
      - The effects were similar with very different languages.
      - Their scores in creativity, mathematics and science were highter.
  - - - Their repertoire of words is smaller than the one of native speakers.
      - Bilinguals´thinking procceses were confused by the use of two languages.
    - - Bilingualism improved thinking.
      - Children pay more attention to structural patterns anf functions of words.
        
        Consequences
        
        Furher reading.
        
        Academic success.
      - Bilingual children have superior cognitive performances than monolingual children.
      - Bilingual adults respond to rapidly changing tasks better than monolingual.
      - Bilingualism results in greater mental flexibility and abstract thought.
    - - Learning a second lenguage does not affect intelligent.
      - Learning a L2 has beneficial effects.
  - - - Syntax and vocabulary have a greater level of importance.
    - - Reason
        
        Children don´t have to relearn the function of words and sentences in a second language.
  - - - Awareness of language structures.
      - Higher level of profiency.
      - Early reading skills.
      - Phonological awareness.
    - - Confussion between the ways of referring to objects.
      - Positive effects depend of the similarities between the two languages.
  - - - Better results form bilingual people are due to their profiency of the target language
- - - - The second language is acquired later than the first.
    - - 1- Use their native language in a TL community without success. They often stay silent with them.
      - 2-Abandon their language and use the new through gestures.
      - 3- Begin to produce something similar to the telegraphic speech.
      - 4- They begin to produce grammatical utterances.
  - - - The children is exposed to two languages at the same time.
    - - Each person speaks one language to the child (One Person-One Language or 1P-1L)
        
        More effective and allows to attain a highter level of proficiency due to the consistency it has.
      - Each person speaks two different languages to the child (One Person-Two Languages or 1P-1L)
        
        Less effective for having to guess which of the two language s is being referred to.
      - Special case: Children is exposed to three different languages spoken by three different people (1P-1L x 3)