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SEPARATION OF MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram
SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
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- Separation By Picking Up
If the sizes of the pepper pieces are big enough, they can be picked up using forceps.
The procedure is the same as the picking up the stones out of the rice
Ex: strawberry and its leaves, lentis and stones
- Separation By Sieving
A mixture composed of finer and coarser parts like table salt and red pepper may
be separated by using a sieve.
Sieving is probably the oldest and widely used method for solid-solid separation.
Ex: salt and rice, bran and flour
- Separation By Filtration
Some of the solids do not dissolve in water or in other solvents. They disperse throughout the liquid and form heterogeneous mixtures.
This kind of mixtures can be separated by filtration.
Consider a heterogeneous mixture of water and powdered chalk.
Ex: Waste water and active carbon
- Separation By Dialysis
Dialysis works on the principles of the diffusion
and osmosis of particles across a
semi- permeable membrane.
Dialysis may be used for the separation of small solute molecules or ions from macromolecules by virtue of their differing rates of diffusion. Smaller particles can pass through the membrane but larger ones cannot.
Ex: When the kidneys of person do not function properly, toxic wastes build up in his/her
blood and tissues and they cannot by filtered out by the ailing kidneys.
This condition is known as uremia. The blood of such a person can be cleaned by the
process of dialysis.
- Separation By Electrification
Some substances may easily be attracted to electrified objects. Red pepper is such a substance.
Ex: This property can be used to separate red pepper from mixture.
- Separation By A Magnet
Iron, cobalt and nickel are magnetic elements.
Magnet is used to separate these metals from mixture.
Ex: Sulphur and ıron filings
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- Separation By Floatation
Flotation is a process of separating mixtures which involves separating substances by whether they sink or float.
The flotation process is also widely used in industrial waste water treatment plants,where it is applied to remove fats, oil, grease and suspended solids from waste water.
- Separation By Precipitation
When two solutions are mixed, they react with each other and can form water-insoluble solid. This phenomenon is called “precipitation” and the
resulting solid is “precipitate”.
- Separation By Separatory Funnel
A mixture of two liquids which do not dissolve in each other and have different densities can also be
separated by help of these properties.
- Separation By Chuck Away
The solids with different densities can be separated without using a liquid.
If the mixture is thrown into the air, the lighter one goes far away.
- Separation By Decantation
The act of pouring off a clear liquid gently from its sediment, or from one vessel into another is called decantation. It is a very quick
method for separating a heterogeneous mixture of liquid and a heavier solid.
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- Separation By Cyrstallization
You can separate many solids contained in saturated solutions by leaving them to form crystals. This process is
called crystallization.
Ex: Crystallization sugar in water
- Separation by Fractional Crystallization
If both solids forming the mixture are soluble in the same solvent.In such a case,the
separation method uses the change in their solubilities with temperature.
In this method , solution is filtered at different temperatures by lowering the
temperature of the solution.
Ex: Crystallization of KNO3 and CuSO4
- Separation By Extraction
Extraction is used for the separation of substances from mixtures which occur in nature, for the
isolation of dissolved substances from solutions, and for the removal of soluble impurities
from mixtures.
Ex: Brewing of tea
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- Separation By Simple Distillation
Soluble solid is separated from the liquid by using boilin point difference.
- Separation By Fractional Distillation
This is the technique used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points.
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