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CHAPTER 5 : SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPPORT - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 5 : SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPPORT
5.2 Testing In A Project
Software Quality Assurance
hire a professional testing company to test your software and give you your software quality assurance
Types of Software Testing
Unit Testing
testing of individual program or module
the objective is to identify and eliminate execution error and logic error
programmer must test program that interact with other program and files individually before they are integrated into the system
to obtain independent analysis, test plan is needed that include scenario of every possible situation the program could encounter
Integration Testing
testing two or more program that depend on each other to make sure programs are working properly
integration test data develop by system analysts must consider both normal and unusual situation
use test data to simulate actual conditions because we're testing interface that link the programs
System Testing
system test includes all typical processing situation to assure users, developers and managers that program meet specification and necessary features are included
during system test, user enter data and produce report to simulate actual operating condition
all processing options and outputs are verified by the users and it project development team to ensure system functioning properly
Documentation
describes an information system and help users, managers and it staff who must interact with it
Documentation includes :
Program Documentation
describes input, output and processing logic for all program modules
guides programmer who construct modules supported by internal/external comment and description that are easy to understood
System Documentation
describes the system functions and how its implemented
includes data dictionary entries, data flow diagrams, object models, screen layouts, source documents and system request that initiated project
necessary reference for programmers and analysts who support and maintain the system
Operations Documentation
contains all information needed for processing and distributing online and printed outputs
operation documentation should be clear, concise and available online if possible
Users Documentation
consists of instruction and information to users who will interact with system and include user manual, help screen and tutorials
user documentation must be clear, understandable and accessible to user at all levels
system analyst are responsible for preparing documentation to help user learn the system
most user prefer online documentation and accustomed to context sensitive help screens, hint & tips, hypertext, on screen demos and other user friendly features
5.1 System Development
Modelling
modelling produce graphical representation of concept or process. used to describe and simplify information system such as :
Data Model
Business Model
Object Model
Network Model
Process Model
Prototyping
prototyping tests system concept to analyze input, output or user interface before implement it
CASE (Computer Aid Software Engineering) Tools
techniques that use powerful software to help analyst maintain information system
Coding Process
Programming Environment
Visual Basic, Phyton, Ruby and SQL are example of programming language
use Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to simplify integration system component and reduce development time
Generating Code
application generator, report writers, screen generator, fourth-gen language and other CASE tools can produce code directly from program design specification
coding is process of turning program logic into instruction that computer can execute
5.3 System Implementation
managing system implementation involves application development, testing, documentation, training, data conversion, system change over, and post implementation evaluation of the result
System Installation and Evaluation Remaining Steps
Prepare a Seperate Operational and Test Environment
an environment is combination of specific hardware or software
environment for actual system operation is called operation environment, environment for develop and maintain programs are called testing environment
test environment for information system contains copies of all programs, procedures and test data files
operational environment include hardware, software configuration and settings, system utilities, telecommunication resource and component related to system performance
Provide Training for Users, Managers and IT Staffs
a successful information system requires training for users, managers and IT staffs
provide and determine training plan for users, managers and it staffs
Vendor Training
vendor supplied training is one of the features you should investigate if system includes purchase of software or hardware
Webinar, Podcast and Turorials
Webinar is internet based training session, podcast refer to web-based broadcast that allow user to download multimedia files to PC, and tutorial is online interactive lesson that present material and dialogue with user
Outside Training Resource
look into independent training firm to provide in-house software or hardware training
Training Tips
relies on previous trainees, select most effective place, train people in groups
Interactive Training
Online Learning or Video Turorials
Perform Data Conversion and System Changeover
during data conversion, existing data are loaded into new system
can be done before, during or after operational environment is complete
if standard format not available, develop program to extract data and convert it
system changeover is the process of putting new information system online and retiring old system
system changeover method
Direct C utover
company use this method for implementing commercial software package
High risk, low cost
Parallel Operation
much easier to verify new system is working properly
running both system might cause burden on operating environment and cause delay
Pilot Operation
the group that use the new system first are called pilot site while old system continues to operate entire organization
after new system is successful at pilot site, it is implemented to the rest of organization using direct cutover method
Phased Opearation
give a part of system to all users
risk of error limited to module only. less expensive than parallel operation method
Carry Out Post Implementation Evaluation of the System
post implementation evaluation should examine all aspects of development effort and the end product, the developed information system
Present a Final Report to the Management
report should include the following :
final version of all system documentation
planned modifications and enhancement to system that has been identified
recap of system development cost and schedule
comparison of actual cost and schedule to original estimate
post implementation evaluation
5.4 System Support and Security
System Support and Security Phase
involve 3 main concerns :
user
system perfromance
security requirements
system support and security phase begin when system become operational and continues until it ends
User Support
User Training
training user about system changes is similar to initial training
main objective is to show user how using the system could help them perform their job
Help Desk
help desk is a centralized resource staffed by IT professionals that provide user with support they need to do their jobs
help desk can improve productivity by using remove control software that take over user workstation and provide support and troubleshooting
Types of Maintenance
Adaptive Maintenance
Perfective Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
System Security
System Security Concepts
refer to protecting system from theft, unauthorized access and changes, and accidental harm
Integrity prevents unauthorized user from creating, modifying or deleting information
Confidentiality protects from unauthorized disclosure and safeguard privacy
Availability ensure authorized user can access information from anytime, anywhere
Backup and Recovery
Backup refer to copying data at prescribed interval or continuously
Full Backup
Differential Backup
Incremental Backup
Continuous Backup
Recovery involves restoring data and restart system after interruption
System Maintenance Tools
Many CASE tools include features like :
Reengineering tools
Automated doucmentation
Network activity monitor
Workload forecasting tool