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COPD - Coggle Diagram
COPD
Diagnosis :
Spirometry - can be detected just before mild stage. Gold standard diagnose – categorise severity, monitor progression
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Clinical signs – breathlessness on exertion, cough, increased sputum, risk factors, rule out other causes
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Normal airways clearance
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What can go wrong
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Mucus builds up and provides a warm moist environment for bacteria to grow --> infections can develop
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Summary
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Physiotherapy can have large positive impact on these patients experiences and management of their condition
Conditions of COPD
Bronchitis
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Wheezing common after coughing - inflamed airways may narrow for short periods of time. Reduces amount of air entering lungs
Airways may be inflamed. Our narrow work with less space to sputum, patient may feel unwell or tired and unable to cough
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Asthma
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Has episode increase in airway obstruction caused by various stimuli resulting in increased airway resistance – reversible information and bronchoconstriction
Symptoms – breathlessness, wheeze, tightness in chest
Airways are sensitive – become irritated inflamed and narrow, reduced airflow through the airways
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Classification
Early disease – often few symptoms: (morning cough), chest infections in winter, breathlessness when exercising. Clinical examination may be normal – spirometry reduced
Moderate disease – range of respiratory symptoms: cough, wheeze, SOB (moderate exertion). Clinical examination may reveal wheeze (crackles), barrel chest, flattened diaphragm on CXR
Severe disease – severe symptoms: cyanosis, weight loss, raised JVP, peripheral oedema
Treatment
Smoking cessation
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Stopping smoking will help slow progression of disease – will not get rid of as has no cure will help prevent progression – dramatic change to symptoms
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Medication
Inhalers, steroids and antibiotics, Mucolytics, flu and pneumonia vaccinations
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