Conditional sentences
Type 1
a result is not certain, but very likely
Type 2
shows possible outcomes that could occur in the present, if specific conditions exist.
Type 0
one thing always causes
another as natural result
Type 3
Let us contemplate what could have happened if things went differently in the past
If S +simple present, S + simple present.
If the clock strikes midnight, it's a new day.
If you pour hot water inside the cup, the sugar melts faster
If it rains, my car gets wet.
If S+ present simple, S + will + V
If I study really hard, I will ace this test.
Jenny will buy this dress if it’s on sale.
My sister will cry if she watches this movie
If S + past simple, S + would + V
If I were you, I would see the doctor soon.
If you wanted, I would help you study.
If you wanted to avoid traffic, you could take the highway.
If S+ had Pii, S+ would have+ Pii.
If you had taken the highway, you could have avoided traffic
If you had made more cookies, we would have had enough.
If you had gone to bed earlier, you would have been well rested.
Mixed type
reflect things that did or did not happen in the past that are still relevant now and in the future
Type 3 + Type 2
If S +had PII, S would + V.
If I hadn’t slept, I would be very tired.
Type 2 + type 3
If S + past simple, S + would have+ PII
If they didn’t love together, they wouldn’t have married..
If there had not been traffic, I would be on time.
If my sister had taken my advice, she would be rich now.
If I knew it was him, I wouldn't have told the answer
If I were you, I wouldn’t have made it up with them.
Were + S + to + V, S + Would + V
Should + S + V, S + Will +V
Should my sister watch this movie, she will cry
Should I study really hard, I will ace this test.
Should this dress be on sale, Jenny will buy it.
Were you to avoid traffic, you could take the highway.
Were I you, I would see the doctor soon.
Had +S + PII,S+ would have+ Pii
Had you taken the highway, you could have avoided traffic
Had you gone to bed earlier, you would have been well rested.
Other things
Without
In case/ suppose/ even if/ as long as/etc. = If
Unless = If not
Unless we did well, we could lose the game
Without water, we couldn't survive
As long as I was here, you would have to be afraid of nothing
Unless you work hard, you can't pass the exam.
Without you, I would be nothing
In case you are wrong, what will we do?