Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, Members, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Issues
Competence and Performance
Competence
Perception
a fact, of a system and event
unobservable ability to do something
Performance
Concrete manifestation or realization of competence
Comprehencion and Production
Comprehension
Listening and reading (proficiency)
Production
Speaking and writing (performance)
Nature or nurture
One is born with an innate knowledge of language
Not demonstrated in our genes
Language and thought
Determines
how linguists describe and explain the interaction of the two
Piaget
Language depends on cognitive development
Imitation
Early language learning (echo)
Children imitate the surface structure of language.
Input
Children speak what they hear at home
Discourse
Learn
Initiate a conversation
Give responses
Identify if the information is
for help, for an action
Stages
The two-word
The age
eighteen to
twenty-four months
‘mini sentences’
interpretation of the child’s speech is
by context.
express more complex information
Braine’s theory
classifying
open-
class words
pivot-class words
The telegraphic
Start producing more complex and longer
grammatical structures
diversity and
sophistication
control the order
composition of syntactic rules.
head-complement
and subject-VP patterns
Later development
language explosion
understanding five times as many
variation in word-forms
inflectional morphemes
and non-lexical
determiners
and auxiliary verbs
its pronunciation is close to adult language
The one-word
holophrastic stage
12 - 18 months
use simple terms
holophrases
intonal clues
contextual
gestural
1° one-word statements.
use idiomorphs
words they invent and use
words that refer to objects
successfully made the transition from an iconic creature to an iconic creature
Pre-language
02 months
cooing
interaction
child
caregiver
1° communication attempts
child's first vocalizations
caregiver responses
Primitive
crying
inner feelings of the child
preparation for vocal communication
06 months
babbling
articulation skills
control of their vocal apparatus
syllabic sets
vowel
consonant
08 - 12 months
canonical babbling
1° psycholinguistic stage
1° understandable words.
exposure to mother tongue
DETERMINANTS
.The role of imitation
Expressions like:
"teeth"
Examples of models are obvious
That they are exceptional for children's language
They differ substantially from structures found in adult speech
"Why is the sun shining?"
The importance of imitation
Is in greater doubt
Due to the fact that children generally
They cannot imitate structures that they have not yet learned
.The role of child-directed speech
Some people talk to babies and young children
In a particular way called
maternal speech
Adults tend to favor higher pitch
Slower tempo
Greater rhythmicity
Longer pauses between statements
Greater range than adult-directed speech
Children show a preference for this type of conversation.
Also in communication devices such as
Facial expression
Eye contact
Point out
Touch
A critical period
Lenneberg claimed that children under the age of 3 or 4
They could re-learn the language they had lost
While after puberty
Children generally do not regain their language
After adolescence lateralization was impossible
That the attribution of language to brain areas ended at puberty
The role of correction
This includes
Correct "bad grammar"
Reward for 'good grammar'
Adults correct children's syntax
I would not answer the question of
How or what children learn from adult feedback
Or how they discover and construct the correct grammar rules
Theories
Behaviourist Theory
J.B. Watson
the rule of the behaviourist
bases on the analyses of
human behaviour
stimulus-response
is governed by operating principles.
All learning is a demonstration of habits as the consequence of reinforcement and reward
Learning is the same for each individual
It concentrates on spoken language
Behaviourism appeared to be a new approach to psychology
Is generally a psychological theory
on native language learning,
advanced in part as a response to
conventional grammar.
Nativist or Innateness Theory
Linguist Noam Chomsky
considers infants’ language
skills as uniquely human
strictly related to the structure of the brain
His work on syntax and transformational grammar
changed
linguistics
explanations of grammatical rules and transformations
became
the focus of psychological investigations on language use
The assumptions of Chomsky’s hypothesis were that:
the natural-language
syntax is too difficult for children to learn from what they hear
discovered by the child from the data available to him/her.
Furthermore, children would not learn their
first language so fast if they did not rely on some innate capacity
Cognitive Theory
Jean
The first theory concerning
the nature
development of human intelligence
consists of two parts
the first
is about the processes children apply as they create
their knowledge of the world
the second
is the 4 stages of cognitive development:
preoperational
concrete operation
formal operation stage
sensorimotor
sees language acquisition as part of broader intellectual development.
Members
-Cajacuri Lajo Lady
-Mendoza Aquino Gianella
-Pablo Machaca Jackeline
-Tejada Cristobal Angie
Esteban Aliaga Nicoll
