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COMMUNICATIONS, Evaluating Media Richness Theory, Grapevine is an…
COMMUNICATIONS
Communications refers to the process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people.
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Media Richness Hierarchy 
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Grapevine is an unstructured and informal network founded on social relationships rather than organisational charts or job descriptions.
Characteristics:
1)Transmits information very rapidly in all direction throughout the organisation.
2) Works through informal social networks, so it is more active where employees have similar backgrounds and are able to communicate easily.
Benefits: 1) Employees rely on the grapevine when information is not available through formal channels. 2) Main conduct through which organisational stories and other symbols of the organisational's culture are communicated. 3) Social interaction relieves anxiety.
Limitations: 1) Distorted that it escalates rather than reduces employee anxiety. 2) Employee develop more negative attitudes toward the organisation when management is slower than the grapevine in communicating information.
Decoding Hidden Meanings
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Two important messages that we convey are about status, how we perceive our own and other's power and affiliation or the degree to which we set ourselves apart from others
Emotional Contagion
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Means that the non-conscious process of 'catching' or sharing another person's emotions by mimicking that person's facial expressions and other non-verbal behaviour
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Depends on the sender's ability to get the message across and the receiver's performance as an active listener.
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4 main factors that influence the effectiveness of the encoding-decoding process:
- Communication proficiency = improves when the sender and receiver are both motivated and able to communicate through the communication channel.
- Similar codebooks = dictionaries of symbols, language, gestures, idioms and other tools used to convey information.
- Share mental model of the communication context = allow us to visualize elements of setting and relationships among those elements.
- Experience encoding the message = become more proficient at using the codebook of symbols to convey the message.
Critical part of the communication model is the channel or medium through which information is transmitted.
Two types of channels:
- Verbal = uses words, and occurs through either spoken or written channels.
- Non-verbal = any part of communication that does not use words.
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1) Poor medium for communicating emotions: not replace the full complexity of real facial expressions, voice intonation and hand movements.
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2) Reduces politeness and respect:
- Less diplomatic than written letters because individuals can post message before their emotion subside.
- Has low social presence, so people more likely to write things that would never be spoken in face-to-face conversation.
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3) Poor medium for ambiguous, complex and novel situations:
- Require communication channels that transmit a larger volume of information with more rapid feedback.
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4) Contributes to information overload:
- messages are created and copied to many people without much effort.
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Social media include internet-based tools that allow users to generate and exchange information.
Social media that serve several functions:
1) Presenting the individual's identity
2) Enabling conversations
3) Sharing information
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- Includes facial gestures, voice intonation, physical distance and even silence.
- The former is typically conscious, whereas most non- verbal communication is automatic and non-conscious.
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1) Social Acceptance
- refers to how well the communication medium is approved and supported by the organisation teams and individuals.
- Factor in social acceptance:
1) The organisation's and team's norms regarding the use of specific communication channels.
2) Individual preferences for specific communication channels.
3) The symbolic meaning of a channel.
Media Richness
- A medium's data carrying capacity that is, the volume and variety of information that can be transmitted during a specific time
- Perceive the functions of language.
- Use of the powerful and powerless speech styles.
- More task-oriented.
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Work space design
- The airline's board members and senior executive team moved out of individual offices into a single, large room where it is easier for them to share information spontaneously.
- Includes an elliptical conference table where they can hold meetings.
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Higher proficiency can 'push' more information through the channel, thereby increasing the channel's information flow
- Both parties to their relative status and self-presentation which diverts their attention from the message.
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- Occurs when a receiver is able to receive and understand a message.
- The sender must learn to emphatise with the receiver, repeat the message, choose an appropriate time for the conversation and be descriptive rather than evaluative.
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