Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Topic 1.2 Classify Network Protocol and Communication - Coggle Diagram
Topic 1.2 Classify Network Protocol and Communication
1.2.2 Explain how to access a Cisco IOS
device for configuration purposes.
Access Methods
Console port – Out-of-band serial port used primarily for management purposes such as the initial configuration of the router.
Secure Shell (SSH) - Inband method for remotely and securely establishing a CLI session over a network. User authentication, passwords, and commands sent over the network are encrypted. As a best practice, use SSH instead of Telnet whenever possible.
Telnet – Inband interfaces remotely establishing a CLI session through a virtual interface, over a network. User authentication, passwords, and commands are sent over the network in plaintext.
Terminal Emulation Program
Tera Term
SecureCRT
OS X Terminal
PuTTY
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
The Cisco IOS modes use a hierarchical command structure.
IOS Modes
Privileged EXEC Mode (enable mode)
The privileged EXEC mode accesses all router commands
This mode can be configured to require a password from the user before accessing it.
Configuration and management commands require that the network administrator be at the privileged EXEC level.
Global configuration mode and all other more specific configuration modes can only be reached from the privileged EXEC mode
The privileged EXEC mode can be identified by the "#"
prompt
Global Configuration Mode
This mode allows users to modify the running system configuration
To enter configuration mode, enter the command configure terminal from privileged mode.
Configuration mode has various submodes, starting with global configuration mode, which can be identified by the (config)# prompt following the router name
As the configuration mode submodes change depending on what is being configured, the words inside the parentheses change.
For example, when you enter interface configuration submode, the prompt changes to (config-if)# following the router name.
1 more item...
User EXEC mode
The user EXEC mode allows only a limited number of basic
This is often referred to as a “view only” mode.
The user EXEC level does not allow any commands that might change the configuration of the router.
The user EXEC mode can be identified by the “>" prompt
Cisco CLI
The Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI) is the primary user interface used for configuring, monitoring, and maintaining Cisco devices.
Configuration Example:
Router (config)# hostname ‘name’
Router (config)# banner motd # ‘banner’ #
Router # show running-config
Router # copy running-config startup-config
Router (config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1
Router (config) # enable secret class
Router (config)# interface vlan 20
Router (Config)# interface fa0/1
Navigate Between IOS Modes
Various commands are used to move in and out of command prompts:
To move from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode, use the enable command.
Use return to user EXEC mode, use the disable command
Various methods can be used to exit / quit configuration modes:
exit - Used to move from a specific mode to the previous more general mode, such as from interface mode to global config.
end - Can be used to exit out of global configuration mode regardless of which configuration mode you are in
^z - Works the same as end
example of navigating between
IOS modes
Enter privileged EXEC mode using the enable command.
Enter global config mode using the configure terminal command
Enter interface sub-config mode using the interface fa0/1 command
Exit out of each mode using the exit command.
The remainder of the configuration illustrates how you can exit a sub-config mode and return to privileged EXEC mode using either the end or ^Z key combination.
1.2.3 Describe the command structure
of the Cisco IOS software.
Keyword - a specific parameter defined in the operating system (in the figure, ip protocols)
Argument - not predefined; a value or variable defined by the user (in the figure, 192.168.10.5)
After entering each complete command, including any keywords and arguments, press
the Enter key to submit the command to the command interpreter
IOS Command Syntax - To determine the keywords and arguments required for a command,
refer to the command syntax
description string - The command is used to add a description to an interface. The string argument is text entered by the administrator such as description Connects to the main headquarter office switch.
ping ip-address - The command is ping and the user-defined argument is the ip-address of the destination device such as in ping 10.10.10.5
IOS Help Features
IOS Context-Sensitive Help:
Context-sensitive help provides a list of commands and the arguments associated with those commands within the context of the current mode
To access context-sensitive help, enter a question mark ?, at any prompt
IOS Command Syntax Check:
The command line interpreter checks an entered command from left to right to determine what action is being requested.
• If the interpreter understands the command, the requested action is executed and the CLI returns to the appropriate prompt.
If the interpreter discovers an error, the IOS generally provides feedback such as “Ambiguous command”, “Incomplete command”, or “Incorrect command".
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
Commands and keywords can be shortened to the minimum number of characters that identify a unique selection.
Hotkeys and Shortcuts
Up Arrow - Allows the user to scroll backward through commands
Ctrl-C – Exits the configuration mode or aborts the current command.
Tab - Completes the remainder of a partially entered command.
Ctrl-R – Redisplays a line
Ctrl-Z – Exits the configuration mode and returns to user EXEC.
Down Arrow – Allows the user to scroll through command history.
Ctrl-A - Moves to the beginning of the line.
Ctrl-E – Moves to the end of the line
Ctrl-Shift-6 – Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process (e.g., ping).
1.2.1 Explain the purpose of the Cisco IOS
Cisco calls its operating system the Cisco Internetwork Operating
System or Cisco IOS
Network service:
Reliable and secure access to networked resources
Network scalability
Basic routing and switching functions
Operating System
Windows, Mac, and Linux for PCs and laptops
Apple iOS and Android for smart phones and tablets
Cisco IOS for network devices
Router user interface
The Cisco IOS software uses a command-line interface
(CLI) as the traditional console environment.
Purpose of OS
Using a GUI enables a user to
Use a mouse to make selections and run programs
Enter text and text-based commands
Using a CLI on a Cisco IOS switch or router enables a network technician to
Use a keyboard to run CLI-based network programs
Use a keyboard to enter text and text-based commands
There are many distinct variations of Cisco IOS:
◦ IOS for switches, routers, and other Cisco networking devices
◦ IOS numbered versions for a given Cisco networking devices
1.2.4Explain how devices communicate
across network media
:
Answer 1. A network medium are the distance the selected medium can successfully carry a signal
Answer 3. The medium amount of data and the speed at which the data must be transmitted.
Answer 2. The environment in which the selected medium is to be installed
Answer 4. The cost of the medium and its installation
