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1.2 Classify Network Protocols and Communication, image, image, image,…
1.2 Classify Network Protocols and Communication
The purpose of the Cisco IOS
Cisco calls its OS the Cisco
Internetwork Operating System
or Cisco
IOS
Embedded software architecture in all of the Cisco routers
Also the OS of the Catalyst switches
Cisco IOS provides the following network services :
Basic routing and switching functions
Reliable and secure access to networked resources
Network scalability
Operating System
All electronic devices require an operating system
Windows, Mac, and Linux for PCs and laptops
Apple iOS and Android for smart phones and tablets
Cisco IOS for network devices (switches, routers, wireless AP, firewall)
OS Shell
A command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI) and enables a user to interface with application.
OS Kernel
Communicates directly with the hardware and manages how hardware resources are used to meet software requirements
Hardware
Physical part of a computer including underlying electronics
Router user interface
This environment is accessible through several methods
Console
use a low speed serial connection directly from a computer or terminal to the console connection on the router
Dialup
connection using a modem or null modem connected to the router AUX port
Telnet
to the router
Purpose of OS
Using a GUI enables a user to :
Use mouse to make selections and run programs
Enter text and text-based commands
Using a CLI on a Cisco IOS switch or router enables a network technician to :
Use a keyboard to run CLI-based network programs
Use a keyboard to enter text and text-based commands
There are many distinct variations of Cisco IOS :
IOS for switches, routers and other Cisco networking devices
IOS numbered versions for a given Cisco networking devices
Access Methods
3 most common ways to access the IOS are:
Console port
Out of band serial port used primarily for management purposes such as the initial configuration of the router
Secure Shell (SSH)
Inband method for remotely and securely establishing a CLI session over a network.
User authentication, password, and commands sent over the network are encrypted
As a best practice, use SSH instead of Telnet whenever possible
Telnet
Inband interfaces remotely establishing a CLI session through a virtual interface, over a network
User authentication, passwords, and commands are sent over the network in plaintext
IOS Modes
User EXEC Mode
Privileged EXEC Mode (enable mode)
Global Configuration Mode
User EXEC Mode
allow only a limited number of basic
monitoring commands
referred to as a "view only" mode
not allow any commands that might change the configuration of the router
can be identified by the ">" prompt
Privileged EXEC Mode
access all router commands
can be configured to require a
password
from the user before accessing it
can be identified by the "#" prompt
Global Configuration Mode
allow users to modify the running system configuration
Enter the command
configure terminal
from privileged mode
identified by the (config)# prompt following the router name
submodes change depending on what is being configured, the words inside the parentheses change
the prompt changes to (config-if)# following the router name
to exit configuration mode, the user can enter
end
or press Ctrl-Z
Cisco CLI
The primary user interface used for
configuring
monitoring
maintaining Cisco devices
This user interface allow to directly and simply execute Cisco IOS commands, whether using a router console or terminal, or using remote access methods
Navigate Between IOS Modes
Various commands are used to move in and out of command prompts:
To move from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode, use the
enable
command
Use return to user EXEC mode, use the
disable
command
Various methods can be used to exit/quit configuration modes:
exit
- Used to move from a specific mode to the previous more general mode, such as from interface mode to global config
end
- Can be used to exit out of global configuration mode mode regardless of which configuration mode
^z
- works the same as
end
The following provides an example of navigating between IOS modes:
Enter privileged EXEC mode using the
enable
command
Enter global config mode using the
configure terminal
command
Enter interface sub-config mode using the
interface fa0/1
command
Exit out of each mode using the
exit
command
Exit a sub-config mode and return to privileged EXEC mode using either the
end
or
^Z
key combination
IOS Help Features
IOS Context-Sensitive Help:
Provides a list of commands and the arguments associated with those commands within the context of the current mode
IOS Command Syntax Check:
CLI checks an entered command from left to right to determine what action is being requested
Interpreter discovers an error, the IOS generally provides feedback such as:
"Ambiguous command"
"Incomplete command"
"Incorrect command"
End Devices
Desktop Computer
Laptop
Printer
IP Phone
Wireless Tablet
TelePresence Endpoint
Intermediary Network Devices
Wireless Router
LAN Switch
Router
Multilayer Switch
Firewall Appliance
Network Media
Copper
Fiber Optic
Wireless
1. What is the maximum distance that the media can successfully carry a signal?
100meter (328ft)
2. Into what type of environment will the media be installed?
Into the devices
3. What is the amount of data and the speed at which it must be transmitted?
1000000 bits
100mbps
4G-LTE
4. What is the cost of the media and installation?
$0.86
$0.44
$2.07
Network Representations
Physical Topology
Logical Topology
CELINE ANN NEBU GEOFFREY
(05DDT20F1071)
