1.2 Classify Network Protocols & Communication.

The purpose of the Cisco IOS.

Cisco IOS provides the provides the following network services :

The embedded software architecture in all of the Cisco router and is also the operating system of the Catalyst switches.

Reliable and secure access to networked resources.

Network scalabity

Basic routing and switching functions.

Operating system

OS Kernel - communicates directly with the hardware and manages how hardware resources are used to meet software requirements.

Hardware - the physical part of a computer including underlying electronics

OS Shell - a command-line interface(CLI) or a graphical user interface(GUI) and enables a user to interface with application.

Router user interface

This environment is accessible through several methods

A dialup connection using a modem or null modem connected to the router AUX port.

Telnet to the router.

A console uses a low speed serial connection directly from a computer or terminal to the console connection on the router.

Purpose of OS

Using CLI on Cisco IOS switch or router enables

There are many distinct variations of Cisco IOS

Using GUI

Use a mouse to make selections and run programs

Enter text and text-based commands

Use a keyboard to run CLI-based network programs

Use a keyboard to enter text and text-based commands

IOS for switches, routers, and other Cisco networking devices

IOS numbered versions for a given Cisco networking devices

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Access Methods

Console port – Out-of-band serial port used primarily for
management purposes such as the initial configuration of the router.

Secure Shell (SSH) - Inband method for remotely and securely
establishing a CLI session over a network.

Telnet - Inband interface remotely establishing a CLI session through a virtual interface, over network. User authentication, passwords, and commands are sent over the network in plaintext.

IOS Modes

  1. Privileged EXEC mode
  1. Global configuration mode
  1. User EXEC mode

often referred to as a “view only” mode.

identified by the “>" prompt

allows only a limited number of basic
monitoring commands.

accesses all router commands.

can be configured to require a password from the
user before accessing it.

Global configuration mode and all other more specific configuration modes can only be reaches from the privileged EXEC mode.

identified by the "#" prompt.

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To enter configuration mode, enter the command configure
terminal from privileged mode.

identified by the
(config)# prompt following the router name.

allows users to modify the running system
configuration.

To exit configuration mode, the user can enter end or press Ctrl-Z

Overview of Network Components

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Network Media

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  1. What is the maximum distance that the media can successfully carry a signal?
  1. What is the amount of data and the speed at which it must be transmitted?
  1. What is the cost of the media and installation?
  1. Into what type of environment will the media be installed?

Answer : 100m

Answer: LANs, WANs, and the Internet

Answer : 1. iOS app CPI Globally – $0.86 2. iOS app CPI in US – $2.07

Answer: Bandwidth is expressed as a bitrate and measured in bits per second (bps).