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unit 1 1.5-1.8 - Coggle Diagram
unit 1 1.5-1.8
1.7 evolution
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gene inheritance-two types;vertical;genes transferred from parent to offspring through sexual or asexual reproduction horizontal- genes transferred through members of same generation
selection- process by which frequencies of some DNA sequences increase as they have been selected for. three types stabilising- average phenotype selected for. disruptive-2 or more phenotypes selected for. directional - 1 extreme of range is selected for
natural selection- non random increase in frequencies of DNA sequences that increase survival chance and non random decrease in frequency of deleterious sequences
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speciation- the formation of a new species brought about by evolution as a result of isolation, mutations and natural selection
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1.8 genomic sequencing
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bioinformatics- computer programs can be used to identify base sequences by looking for sequences similar to known genes.
phylogenetics- the study of evolutionary history and relationships using sequence data to study evolutionary relatedness.
molecular clock- used to show when species diverged. assumes a constant mutation rate. used to compare sequences between species.
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pharmacogenetics- use of genome info in choice of drug. personalised medicine- treating someone based on their genome sequences
1.5 structure of genome
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non-coding regions dont code for proteins and are transcribed but not translated, used for transcription, regulate transcription or have no known function
1.6 mutations
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single gene mutations
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substitution mutations- splice site- mutation at site which would have been an intron (introns remain in transcript
nonsense- produces early stop codon- transcript is short
missense- one codon changes resulting in different amino acid
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