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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPPORT - Coggle Diagram
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPPORT
5.1) SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT :check:
System Development Tools :star:
-Modeling
-Prototyping
-Case Tools
B) Prototyping -Prototyping tests system concepts and provide an opportunity to examine input, output, and user interface before final decisions are made
C) CASE Tools - Also called computer-aided software
engineering, is a technique that uses powerful software,called CASE tools, to help systems
analysts develop and maintain information systems.
A) Modeling - Modeling produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that system developers can analyze,test,and modify
• Business model or Requirements model
– Describes the information that a system must
• Data model
– Describes the data structure and design.
• Object model
– Describes objects, which combine data and processes
• Network model
– Describes the design and protocols of telecommunication links
• Process model
– Describes the logic that programmers use to write code modules
Coding Process :star:
-programming enviroment
-generating code
A)Programming Enviroment
• Each IT department has its own programming
environment and standards.
• IDEs can make it easier to program interactive
software products by providing built-in tools and advanced features,
B) Generating Code
• Some commercial applications can generate
editable program code directly from macros,keystrokes, or mouse actions.
5.2) TESTING IN A PROJECT :check:
Software Quality Assurance :star:
– A software testing and quality assurance
company specifications and give you a report
– Knowing that the quality of your software is
up to the mark is extremely important.
Types of software testing: :star:
-Unit Testing
-Integration Testing
-System Testing
A)Unit Testing
• The objective is to identify and eliminate
execution errors that could cause the program to
• The testing of an individual program or module is
called unit testing.
• During unit testing, programmers must test
programs that interact with other programs and files individually, before they are integrated into
the system.
B) Integration Testing
• Testing two or more programs that depend on
each other is called integration testing, or link testing
•Testing the programs independently does not
guarantee that the data passed between them is
C) System Testing
• the program
meets all specifications and that all necessaryfeatures have been included.
• After completing integration testing, you must
perform system testing, which involves the entireinformation system.
Documentation :star:
-Program
-System
-Operation
-User
A) Program
• Program documentation describes the inputs,
outputs, and processing logic for all program
• The program documentation process starts in
the systems analysis phase and continues during
B) System
• System documentation describes the system’s
functions and how they are implemented.
• System documentation is necessary reference
material for the programmers and analysts
C) Operation
• Operations documentation contains all the
information needed for processing and distributing online and printed output.
• Operations documentation should be clear,
concise, and available online if possible.
• Typical operations documentation includes thefollowing information:
– E-mail and report distribution lists
– Special forms required, including online forms
– Error and informational messages to operators
D) User
• User documentation consists of instructions and
information to users who will interact with the system
• Regardless of the delivery method, user
documentation must be clear, understandable,and readily accessible to users at all levels.
• User documentation includes the following:
– A system overview that clearly describes all major
system features, capabilities, and limitations
– Description of source document content,
preparation, processing, and samples
– Security and audit trail information
5.3) SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION :check:
-Managing systems implementation involves
application development, testing, documentation, training, data conversion, system changeover, and post-implementation
evaluation of the results.
• Remaining steps in systems implementation:
:star:
– Prepare a separate operational and test
environment :checkered_flag:
• A separate test environment is necessary to
maintain system security and integrity and protect the operational environment.
• The test environment for an information system
contains copies of all programs, procedures, and test data files.
• An environment, or platform, is a specific
combination of hardware and software.
– Provide training for users, managers, and IT
staff :checkered_flag:
• No system can be successful without proper
training, whether it involves software, hardware,or manufacturing.
– Perform data conversion and system
changeover :checkered_flag:
• During data conversion, existing data is loaded
into the new system.
• data conversion can
be done before, during, or after the operational environment is complete.
– Carry out post-implementation evaluation of
the system :checkered_flag:
– A post-implementation evaluation should
examine all aspects of the development effort and the end product
• Once the new system is operational, you must
perform two additional tasks:
– Prepare a post-implementation evaluation
– Deliver a final report to management.
– Present a final report to management : :checkered_flag:
– Your report should include the following:
• Final versions of all system documentation
• Planned modifications and enhancements to the
system that have been identified
• Recap of all systems development costs and
schedules
• Comparison of actual costs and schedules to the
original estimates
5.4) SYSTEM SUPPORT & SECURITY :check:
1)System Support & Security Phase :star:
Managing systems support and security involves
three main concerns:
– user expectations
– system performance
– security requirements .
• Successful, robust systems often need the most
support
3)User Training :star:
Training users about system changes
is similar to initial training.
The main objective is to show users
how the system can help them perform their jobs.
2)User Support :star:
Companies provide user support in many forms,
including user training and a help desk to provide technical support and assistance
4)Help Desks :star:
A help desk is a centralized resource staffed by IT professionals who provide users with the support they need to do their jobs.
A help desk has three main objectives:
Show people how to use system resources more effectively,
Provide answers to technical or operational questions
Make users more productive by teaching them how to meet their own
5)Maintenance :star:
Maintenance activities include:
a) Changing programs, procedures, or documentation
to ensure correct system performance.
b) Adapting the system to changing requirements; and
making the system operate more efficiently
System Maintenance Tools
• Reengineering tools
• Automated documentation
• Network activity monitor
6)System Security :star:
-System security refers to protecting the system from theft,
-security involves protecting all the
parts of computer system which includes data, software, and hardware
System Security Concepts;
-Integrity
-Availability
-Confidentiality
Integrity-prevents
unauthorized users from creating, modifying, or
deleting information.
Confidentiality - protects
information from unauthorized disclosure
and safeguards privacy.
Availability - ensures
that authorized users have timely
and reliable access to necessary
information.
7)BACKUP AND RECOVERY :star:
• Recovery involves restoring the data and restarting the system after an
• Backup refers to copying data at prescribed intervals, or continuously.
• Backup copies stored in secure remote place particularly necessary for disaster recovery.