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Digest System Juliana Soto P.6 - Coggle Diagram
Digest System
Juliana Soto
P.6
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Mucosa
Mucosa Membrane- Produces mucus for reduction of friction and protection •Epithelium -Varies by location -nonkeratinized stratified squamous-in mouth, esophagus, and anus, protection against friction
•Lamina Propria -areolar connective tissue - contains blood and lymphatic vessels and lymph node for nourishment and immunity -simple columnar in intestine for absorption and secretion
•Muscularis Mucosae -two thin layers of smooth muscle
Serosa
•outer covering of the GI tract
•serous membrane -composed of thin layer of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium
•Produces serous fluid for lubrication
Submucosa
•areola connective tissue containing major blood vessel
•many elastic fibers to retain shape •submucosal plexus -automatic nerve supply -glands and lymphatic tissue
Muscularis
•Two layers of smooth muscles to allow peristalsis and segmentation -inner circular layer - squeeze, decrease size of lumen; in some areas act as spincter or valves -outer longitudinal layer -shortens intestine -mouth, pharynx, superior esophagus, and anal sphincter is skeletal muscle
•Myenteric plexus- nerves
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the mechanical action and the chemical action of salivary amylase. chemically broken down in the Small intestine
Protein Digestion begins in the mouth with mechanical digestion, mechanical and chemical digestion take place in the stomach and then in the small intestine
Lipid Digestion begins in the mouth with mechanical digestion and the small intestine where most of the digestion takes place
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
•Amylase, produced in the mouth. It helps break down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules.
•Pepsin, produced in the stomach. Pepsin helps break down proteins into amino acids. •Trypsin, produced in the pancreas. Trypsin also breaks down proteins. •Pancreatic lipase, produced in the pancreas. It is used to break apart fats.
Major organs of the digestive systems
Mouth- contains teeth, salivary glands, tonsils, and tongue -Mechanical digestion by teeth
-Mixing of food with saliva to make a bolus
-Chemical Digestion by saliva produced by salivary glands, digestion of starch begins
•Pharynx -Oropharynx-located posteriorly to mouth, passage for food, water, and air
-Laryngophary- inferior to oropharynx & involved in deglutition, forcing bolus from the mouth to esophagus
Stomach- Food enters at cardio esophageal sphincter and empties into duodenum of small intestine at the pyloric sphincter -food mixes with gastric juice to make chyme •Esophagus- collapsible tube that runs from the pharynx to stomach, pass through diaphragm-located posteriorly to the trachea -food transported by peristalsis -No digestive function, only passage for food
Small Intestine- site of nutrients absorption into blood and lymphatic vessels -Chemical digestion of fat begins -where most chemical digestion of all foods occur by enzymes produced by accessory organs
Large Intestine- site of absorption of water and electrolytes; produces vitamins - eliminates indigestible food from body feces -does not participate in digestion
Anus- eliminates feces from rectum to exterior-defecation controlled by sphincters
internal- made of involuntary smooth muscle external- voluntary skeletal muscle
Major functions of the digestive systems
The major functions of the digestive system is to digest and absorb
Breaking down food into molecules that can pass through the wall of the digestive tract and can be taken up by the cells
Disorders of the digestive systems
-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) and Gastritic
-Crohn disease
-Diverticular Disease
-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
-Gluten Sensitivity and Celiac Disease