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:Aantiarthritic drugs and Skeletal muscle relaxants. - Coggle Diagram
:Aantiarthritic drugs and Skeletal muscle relaxants.
Central muscle relaxants
Chlorzoxazone
Mechanism of action
• It blocks nerve impulses
or pain sensations that are sent to the brain, resulting in relief of pain and increased mobility of the involved muscle.
Indications
• muscle stiffness
• muscle strains
• muscle sprains
• muscle spasms
Contraindications
• known hypersensitivity to the drug
• abnormal liver and inflammation
Side effects
•Bloody or black, tarry stools
• decreased appetite
• hives
• nausea and vomiting
• stomach pain
• itching
Storage and route
• store at 20 - 25 Degrees Celsius
• taken orally
Baclofen :
Mechanism of action
• It is a GABA agonist, it's primary site of action is the spinal cord, where it reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and substance P by binding to the GABA-B receptor
Indications
•muscle spasms
• muscular rigidity
• motor neuron disease
• multiple sclerosis
Contraindications
•stroke
•schizophrenia
• psychotic disorder
•Disorientation
• chronic kidney disease
Side effects
• constipation
• headaches
• nausea
• fatigue
• polyuria
• drowsiness
Storage and route
• 20- 25 Degrees Celsius
• maximum of 2 weeks
• orally
• topical cream
Direct muscle relaxants
Dantrolene
Mechanism of action
• Depresses excitation contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1. And decreases intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptor mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum an essential step in muscle contraction.
Indications
• motor neuron disorders
• stroke
• multiple sclerosis
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
• spinal chord injury.
Contraindications
• Liver disease
• hepatitis B or C infection
• lung disease
• sever heart disease
Side effects
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• fatigue
• diarrhea
• headache
• constipation
Storage and route
• Reconstituted solution should not be refrigerated or frozen
• 15 - 25 Degrees Celsius
• used with 6 hours
• protect from light
• administered intravenously
Botulinum
Mechanism of action
• Binds presynaptically to high affinity recognition sites on the cholinergic nerve terminals and decreasing the release of acetylcholine. Causing a neuromuscular blocking effect.
Indications
•Cervical dystonia
• spasticity
• cosmetic indications
• muscle stiffness
Contraindications
• pre- existing conditions that cause muscle weakness
• known hypersensitivity to the drug
• neurologic condition
• acute urinary tract infection
Side effects
•bruising and pain on injection site
• headache
• nausea
• flu- like symptoms
• rash
Storage and route
•Stored in refrigerator 2 - 8 degrees Celsius
• should be administered within 24 hours of reconstitution
• administered intramuscularly
Gold salts
Sodium aurothiomalate and auranofin
Mechanism of action
• inhibition of phagocytosis and release of lysosomal enzymes leading to inhibited tissue destruction. This action allows gold salts to suppress and prevent some arthritis and synovitis.
Indications
• rheumatoid arthritis
•
Contraindications
• known allergy to gold
• severe diabetes
• congestive heart failure
• renal impairment
• recent radiation therapy
Side effects
• skin rashes
• itching
• exfoliative dermititis
• renal problems
• hepatotoxicity
• penumonitis
Storage and route.
• orally
• room temperature
Other antiarthritic agents
Penicillamine
Mechanism of action
• Binds heavy metals such as lead, copper and Mercury and form a soluble complex that is renally excreted in the urine. This aids in preventing the formation of cystine calculi
Indications
• Wilson's disease
• rheumatoid arthritis
• Cystinuria
• lead poisoning
• chronic hepatitis
Contraindications
• known hypersensitivity to drug
• anemia with inadequate iron
• decreased blood platelets
• bronchiolitis
• aplastic anemia :
Side effects
•Stomach Pain
• nausea and vomiting
• loss of appetite
• diarrhea
• numbness or tingling
• decreased sense of taste
• blisters on skin
• dark stools and urine
Storage and route
• administered orally
• taken on an empty stomach
• do not freeze
• store in room temperature
• keep away from moisture, heat and direct light.
Reference list
•
https://nurseslabs.com/antiarthritic-drugs/
•
https://nurseslabs.com/muscle-relaxants/