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Biology, . - Coggle Diagram
Biology
4.1: Cells
Identify the organelles found with an animal and a plant cell and Describe the role of the structures found with an animal and a plant cell
Animal
Nucleus- This contains genetic material (DNA), and controls the cell's activity
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Cell Membrane- A flexible layer that surrounds the cell and controls the substances that enter and exit
Plant
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Cell Membrane- A flexible layer that surrounds the cell and controls the substances that enter and exit
Nucleus- This contains genetic material (DNA), and controls the cell's activity
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Cell Wall- A hard layer outside the cell membrane, containing cellulose to provide strength to the plant
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Chloroplasts- Structures that contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which are a key part of photosynthesis
Describe the order of size of a cell, nucleus, chromosome and gene
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What is a chromosome
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A type of cell division called mitosis ensures that when a cell divides each new cell produced has the same genetic information.
DNA exists in a cell's nucleus within structures called Chromosomes. Each section of a chromosome that contains the code for the production of a particular protein is called a gene.
Each chromosome is made from a single molecule of DNA, but when a cell is ready to divide, the DNA copies itself, then coils and condenses to form the chromosomes that we see in micrographs.
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It is essential that any new cells produced contain genetic information that is identical to the parent cell.
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The first stages of the cell cycle involve cell growth, then synthesis of DNA. The single strand of DNA that makes up each chromosome produces an exact copy of itself. The cell undergoes a type of cell division called mitosis.
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In mitosis, two cells called daughter cells are produced, each identical to the parent cell.
When looking at cells with a microscope, the length of different stages of the cell cycle can be estimated using the formula:
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