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Social Influence - Coggle Diagram
Social Influence
Obedience
Situational variables
Location --> (rundown building instead of Yale - obedience fell - experimenter had less authority in setting)
Uniform --> original (grey lab coat) --> 1 variation experimenter called away - role taken by 'ordinary member of the public' (normal clothes) - obedience dropped --> uniform strong visual authority symbol
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Agentic shift (autonomous --> agentic) --> when person defers to the authority figure --> happens when someone else has power/position in social hierarchy
Binding factors to reduce 'moral strain' of obeying immoral orders --> shifting responsibility to victim or denying the damage they are doing to victims
Legitimacy of authority --> obey people at top of social hierarchy --> one consequence is that when power punishes, we give up independence in trust --> e.g. Hitler used it destructively
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Types of conformity
Internalisation (STRONGEST) --> take majority as we accept it as correct --> changes behaviour even when group isn't around
Compliance (WEAKEST) --> temporary --> go along with majority but privately disagree --> changes behaviour only when group present
Identification (MIDDLE) --> moderate --> go along to be a part of it --> don't necessarily agree with majority
NSI --> agree with majority due to desire to be accepted/liked --> unfamiliar situations + people you known --> emotional process --> NSI LEAD TO COMPLIANCE
ISI --> agree with majority as believe it correct --> accept as we want to be correct as well --> ambiguous situations --> cognitive process --> ISI LEADS TO INTERNALISATION
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Milgram Research - Obedience --> 40 male --> newspaper ad --> age 20-50 --> range of jobs --> $4.50 for turning up
Confederate (Mr Wallace) always learner --> ppt was teacher --> another confed wore lab coat - was experimenter --> learner attached to shock machine --> teacher give shock when question wrong --> 15v-450v
300v pounded wall + no response --> after 315v pounded wall again + no response --> experimenter given prods if hesitation from teacher
No ppt stopped below 300v --> 12.5% stopped at 300v --> 65% continued to 450v --> qualitative data - signs of extreme tension (2 had 'full blown seizures'
Asked 14 psychology students to predict naive ppts behaviour --> no more than 3% would continue to 450v
Ppts were debriefed + assured behaviour was normal --> follow up questionnaire - 84% glad to participate --> 74% felt they had learned something of personal importance
Asch Comformity Research --> 123 students --> naive ppts tested in groups of 6-8 confed --> compare standard line to 3 others --> 18 trials total --> 12 critical --> 6 neutral
Naive gave wrong answer 36.8% --> Asch effect --> 75% conformed at least once --> 25% never gave wrong answer --> ppts said they conformed because they were afraid of social rejection
Variables affecting conformity --> GROUP SIZE (inc in size inc conformity up to certain point) --> UNANIMITY (presence of dissenting confed dec conformity) --> TASK DIFFICULTY (more difficult inc conformity)
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Zimbardo --> conformity of social roles --> mock prison in Stanford Uni --> 24 emotionally stable male --> randomly assigned roles
2 days in prisoners rebelled --> 3 prisoners were released early due to signs of psychological disturbance --> 1 hunger strike (force fed in 'the hole'
Study was stopped after 6 days instead of the planned 14 --> all conformed to roles --> the more the guards identified with roles, the more brutal their behaviour became