Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
the learning approach - Coggle Diagram
the learning approach
-
- behaviour is learned from observing others and the reinforcement or punishment they receive
- behaviour that is observed being rewarded is imitated
modelling is a form of learning through observing a role model perform that behaviour and later imitating it
-
identification: the extent to which an individual relates to a role model and feels they are similar to them. this makes imitation more likely
vicarious reinforcement: observing positive consequences of a model's behaviour i.e a reward. this makes the behaviour more likely to be imitated
-
- attention - closely observing the behaviour of a role model
- retention - forming a memory of behaviour observed
- reproduction - thinking if it is physically possible to imitate the behaviour
- motivation - if the perceived rewards outweigh the percieved costs then the individual is more motivated to imitate the behaviour
Bobo Doll Experiment: examined the role of influencing aggressive behaviour in children and if the sex of the model influenced the degree of imitation
36 boy and girls aged 3-6. half were put into a room one at a time and observed aggressive behaviour from either a same or opposite sex model for 10 minutes. i.e. hitting the doll with a hammer, throwing it in the air, shouting "pow". the other half were put in a room that observed non-aggressive role model either same sex or opposite sex
-
children were then taken to a room with a range of toys : bobo doll, a mallet, a dart gun, dolls, crayons. their behaviour was observed for 20 minutes and were rated on the extent that they imitated the model
findings: children who observed the aggressive model displayed far more imitative aggressive responses that those in the non-aggressive condition.
boys acted more aggressively than girls
there was a greater level of imitation if the role model was the same gender as the child
:unamused:: ethical issues in the experiment - psychological harm, right to withdraw, consent. Bandura argued that the benefits to society outwieghed the ethical issues. his research has lead to contribution to censorship of films as role models on TV can influence behaviour
:unamused: lacks validity -population validity, ecological validity, internal validity ( the children could have been responding to demand charatcerisitics)