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digestive system- Lynette Fourzan - Coggle Diagram
digestive system- Lynette Fourzan
major functions-
ingestion- happens first in the mouth by chewing.
chemical digestion -involves the secretions of enzymes throughout your digestive tract. These enzymes break the chemical bonds that hold food particles together. This allows food to be broken down into small, digestible parts.
Mechanical digestion- physical process that does not change the chemical nature of the food. Instead, it makes the food smaller to increase both surface area and mobility. It includes mastication, or chewing, as well as tongue movements that help break food into smaller bits and mix food with saliva.
major organs-
mouth -opening into the oral canal
esophagus -collapsible tube runs from the pharynx to the stomach, pass through diaphragm
stomach-muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives food from the esophagus.-
small intestine -Muscular tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
duodenum- first portion of the small intestine
jejunum- middle part of the small intestine
lleum- end portion of the small intestine
anus - Eliminates feces from rectum to exterior
large intestine - Site of absorption of water and electrolytes, produces vitamins.does not participate in digestion but resident bacteria digest remaining nutrients.
digestive enzymes-
Amylase- produced in the mouth. It helps break down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules.
pepsin- produced in the stomach
Trypsin -produced in the pancreas
Layers of the GI tract-
Mucosa- Produces mucosa for reduction of friction and protection, varies in location.
submucosa- Areolar connective tissue containing major blood vessels, many elastic fibers to retain shape
muscularis propria- Two layers of smooth muscle to allow peristalsis and segmentation
serosa- outer layer covering of the GI tract, Composed of the thin layer of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium .
Disorders of the GI tract-
Constipation- bowel movements become less frequent and stools become difficult to pass. It happens most often due to changes in diet or routine, or due to inadequate intake of fiber
Hemorrhoids-swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Ongoing inflammation of all or part of the digestive tract.
Stomach flu- An intestinal infection marked by diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-digestive disorder that occurs when acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids back up from the stomach into the esophagus
Location of digestion-
starts in the mouth when you take in food by eating and chewing
Food moves down the Pharynx. passage for food water and air.
3.the food goes from the pharynx to the esophagus. Food transported by peristalsis.
Food enters the stomach then cardioesophageal sphincter which prevents stomach acid or food to go back into the esophagus.
Food goes to the small intestines where the chemical digestion of fats begin and site of nutrients into blood and vessels
then large intestines where it eliminates indigestible foods from body as feces. Also site of absorption of water and electrolytes.
the anus eliminates the feces (poops)