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Pathogens and Immunity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Prevents pathogens from gaining entry into the body
      - If cut or grazed, it immediately begins to heal itself, often by forming a scab, which prevents infection as the skin acts as a physical barrier.
    - - Internal hair block foreign particles.
      - With help of mucus foreign particles are captured
    - - runs from the nose towards the lungs
      - cells that line the trachea also have hairs called cilia, move mucus and pathogens upwards towards the throat where it is swallowed into the stomach.
      - produce mucus
    - - Blinking of eyes
  - - - Release of tears which enzymes like lysozyme
    - - Stomach contains hydrochloric acid and it denatures the pathogens
    - - Has intestinal microflora; similar with urinary tract
- - - - derived from monocytes
      - that can leave the circulatory system by moving across the walls of capillary vessels
      - Release special proteins called as cytokines in order to signal and recruit other cells to an area with pathogens
    - - Type of lymphocyte
      - Does not kill pathogens
      - Destroy infected host cells in order to stop the spread of an infection
    - - Reach first at the site of injury
      - Causes inflammation (swelling) at the injury site by releasing proteins called as histamines to bring in other cells of the immune system
    - - Secrete specific chemical - histamine
      - Attack multicellular parasites
    - - Type of white blood cell
      - Contains granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma
      - enzymes in the granules damage or digest pathogens and release inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream
    - - Secrete a range of highly toxic proteins
      - Kill multicellular parasites
    - - Usually arrive first at the site of infection
      - Contain granules toxic to bacteria and fungi
- - - - Person to Person
      - Droplet spread
    - - Air-borne transmission
      - Food drinking water
      - Food drinking water
      - Contaminated objects
      - Insert bites
      - Animal to person
- - - - Recognize pathogen
    - - Attack pathogen
    - - Remember the pathogen via T cells and B cells