To name a covalent bond first, write the name of the central atom next add the prefix for the amount of the second atom. Finally, write the name of the second atom with the ending ide so CO2 would be Carbon dioxide, CH4 would be Carbon tetrahydride. However, if the center atom has a subscript we would write the respective prefix, for example, P3O5 is triphosphorus pentoxide because there are 3 phosphorus.

To name a hydrate first name the metal. Next, name the non-metal but change the ending to ide. Finally, add hydrate to the end with a prefix for the ratio example, CuSO4 * 2H2O would be copper sulphate dihydrate.

Name the metal include roman numerals to indicate the valence, finally name the non-metal change the ending to ide example CuO is copper(II) oxide.

to name a polyatomic ion you should look at the IUPAC Names and formula of the polyatomic ions chart, however for N C Cl S P you can name the element that's not oxygen and change the ending to ate, if it has the normal amount of oxygens it should have, for example, NO3 is nitrate if it gained oxygen it would be NO4 pernitrate NO2 would be nitrite and NO1 would be hyponitrite.

to name a binary acid you first add the prefix hydro next you name the non-metal but change the suffix to ic lastly add acid to the end for example HCl would be hydrochloric acid

to name a base all we do is figure out the cation and anion for, example in Na OH the, cation is Na the anion is OH once we know that, we name the cation then, add hydroxide to the end so Na OH would be sodium hydroxide

to name an oxoacid they are for the most part named the same as the oxoanions, for example, BrO4 is perbromate the only change made when it becomes an acid is that the ate ending becomes ic if it had an ite ending it would become ous (note that you keep the prefix the same ex per, hypo) therefore HBrO4 would be perbromic acid