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Cognitive dissonance (Festinger) 16
objective
There are three mental mechanisms people use to ensure that their actions and attitudes are in harmony (selective exposure, postdecision dissonance, minimal justification )
Genderlect styles (Tannen) 31
A term suggesting that masculine and feminine styles of discourse are best viewed as two distinct cultural dialects
Women's desire for connection vs men's desire for status
“despite these dangers, I am joining the growing dialogue on gender and language because the risk of ignoring differences is this greater than the danger of naming them”
Bc miscommunication occurs all the time between women and men
Just as an ethnographer pours over the words of native informants to discover what has meaning within their society, so tan and scrutinizes the conversation of representative speakers from the feminine culture and the masculine culture to determine their core values.
Cultural approach to organizations (Geertz & pacanowsky) 19
Culture = systems of shared meaning, but also a clarification of values
interpretive
“organizational culture is not just another piece of the puzzle, it is the puzzle. From my point of view, culture is not something an organization has, a culture is something an organization is. “ -P
“The corporate observer is one part scientist, one part drama critic” -G
Ethnography: mapping out social discourse, discovering who people within a culture think they are, what they think they're doing, and to what end they think they're doing it.
Metaphor: clarifies what is unknown or confusing by equating it with an image that is more familiar or vivid
Stories: personal, corporate, collegial
Rituals: articulate aspects of cultural life, often marking rites of passage or life transitions
Semiotics (Barthes) 26
Semiotics: anything that can stand for something else (sign, signifier, signified)
Deconstruction of myth: mythic signs reinforce the dominant values of their culture
are there familiar visual signs that can be used to promote resistance to dominant cultural values ? when?
The theory struggles with community of agreement- but just goes to show how valuable agreement is in communication
