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Widening of the Cold War - Coggle Diagram
Widening of the Cold War
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Alliances and Shifts
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Eisenhower, Dulles and Brinkmanship
Eisenhower retained key features of Truman's foreign policy, such as containment, worldwide influence, retention of a nuclear arsenal
However Eisenhower rejected to Truman's expansion of conventional forces. He believed that Truman's containment did not go far enough
Rollback: containment had created a stalemate, so Eisenhower wanted to rollback communism and win the Cold War. He thought this must be done through peaceful means. He never attempted to undermine the USSR's sphere or liberate any states
Massive retaliation: Communist expansion should necessitate a large global response, like Korea. The US should make nuclear weapons the focus of its defence
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Geneva Conference 1954
The agreements at Geneva were a ceasefire that guaranteed Vietnam's independence. Two zones would be created along the 17th parallel
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Korean War
Causes of the Korean War
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Both leaders were dedicated to the creation of a unified, independent Korea. They both despised the other's ideology
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Kim Il Sung tried to convince the USSR and China that a Northern invasion of the South would be easy and strengthen communism worldwide
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USSR
Kim Il Sung urged Stalin to support a North Korean invasion, but he rejected this. However he decided to give the North supplies after the fall of China and the exclusion of Korea from the Defensive Perimeter Strategy
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A United Korea would be very positive as it would strengthen Soviet borders and put pressure on Japan
If Stalin failed to step in, China would fill the vacuum and undermine Soviet influence
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China
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Mao became worried of US influence in Asia and sent military volunteers to Korea. Under pressure from the Communist world and Stalin, Mao intervened
Military involvement
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To begin with Northern troops almost captured the whole peninsula except the port of Pusan. Chinese troops were massing in Manchuria
UN forces landed at Incheon and forced the Northerners back up to the Yalu River, almost wiping them out
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Settlement
Peace had been obstructed by Syngman Rhee wanting stronger ties with the US. After Stalin's death the process was easier
Peace was agreed at Panmunjeom, with borders restored to roughly around the 38th parallel
Impact
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Placed huge strain on the USSR's economy, which meant that Eastern European states were more exploited, fuelling unrest in 1956
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Sowed the seeds of division between the USSR and China as China sacrificed so much and the Soviets so little
USA & UN
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Because the USSR was boycotting the UN security council due to its not recognising the PRC, the US could assemble a UN intervention against North Korea
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