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:book:Spain in the 17th century:book: - Coggle Diagram
:book:Spain in the 17th century:book:
During the 17th century, the
Austrian Habsburgs ruled Spain
. During this century, the
Spanish monarchy fell into decline
The Austrian Habsburgs
freed themselves of their governmental obligations
by
delegating power
to their
trusted advisors
, who acted as prime ministers and were known as
validos
, who used their power to
become rich
and
give positions of power
and
priviledges
to
their supporters and family
The War of Succession
Carlos II named
Felipe, the grandson of King Louis XIV of France
, as his
successor
to the Spanish throne
In all the other countries this decision caused
great fear
. This would mean that
the thrones of Spain and France would be united under a single ruler
An
anti-Bourbon alliance was formed
and
Carlos, Archduke of Austria, was proposed as a candidate
for the throne. This caused the
War of Succession
. The candidates and their supporters were the following:
The
Archduke Carlos
was proclaimed King of Spain in
Barcelona in 1705
, and was recognised by the
Courts of Aragón, Valencia and Cataluña
Felipe
, who was
supported by Castile and France
, was proclaimed King of Spain in Madrid in
1700
In 1711, the
Archduke Carlos inherited the throne of Austria
, which
caused fear of a possible union between Spain and Austria
among his allies. Consequently, the
Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713
between
France and the coalition
, with
the exception of Austria
. In
1714
,
Felipe V took control of Barcelona
and
ended the war
The consequences of the War of Succession were:
Great Britain
gained
Gibraltar, Minorca and the French colonies in North America
Spain
lost its
European territories
but
maintained the ones it held in the Americas
Austria
gained the
Spanish Low Countries, Naples, Sardinia and Milan
The kingdom of
Spain
became a
centralised state
France imposed
Felipe V as King of Spain
.
Both kingdoms
were
governed
by the
Bourbon dynasty
Felipe V
passed the 'Nueva Planta'
decrees (1707-1716), which
abolished the fueros and the institutions of the Crown of Aragón
The Austrian Habsburgs
Felipe IV (1621-1665)
Felipe IV's valido was
Count-Duke of Olivares
, who attempted to
regain power over Europe
. To achieve this, Spain
took part in new wars
, such as the
Thirty Years' War
Spain went
bankrupt
several times and after many years at war,
the toll it was taking provoked numerous domestic rebellions
. The most serious ones were in
Catalonia and Portugal
, where the nobility managed to appoint a
Portuguese king
Following the
Peace of Westphalia
, Spain focused on
controlling its domestic revolts
In
1652
, the royal army
ended the revolt in Cataluña
. However, Felipe IV's troops were
defeated by the French army
(with the support of England), and
Spain was forced to sign the Treaty of the Pyrenees
in
1659
. It's consequences were:
France gained the Catalonian territories of
Roussillon and Cerdanya
, as well as
territories in Flanders
A
marriage
was arranged between
Louis XIV, King of France
, and
Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and daughter of Felipe IV
Carlos II (1665-1700)
Carlos II was a
minor
when he came to the throne, and was also
suffering from an illness
.
Different validos took power
during his reign
Carlos II left no heirs
, creating a
serious conflict over succession when he died
Felipe III (1598-1621)
During his reign, the
Duke of Lerma
, his valido, governed.
To reduce expenses,
the armed conflicts were ended
, a peace treaty was signed with
England
and a truce was declared with the Protestants in the
Low Countries
In
1609
, the
expulsion of the Moriscos
was ordered. They were accused of being
fake christians
and of
practising their own religion in secret
. In addition, the Moriscos were considered
untrustworthy
by the rest of the population. This had a
very negative effect on the economy
, especially in
agriculture
The
war against Portugal continued
with the support of England and France.
In 1668, Spain recognised Portugal's independence