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Muscle and Tendon Injuries - Coggle Diagram
Muscle and Tendon Injuries
Muscle
EMD( fatigue, workload, acute)
SSC + eccentric ( inertial training)
Biarticular power and speed( light weight more speed)
Eccentric training , reduction in total hamstring
hamstring developed eccentrically tension same as stabilise body , passive stretch+ eccentric loaded in bending of hip in braking , coactivation to stabilise movement
Train eccentrically with other movements and elongation than shortening
Tendon
Propotion of protein synthesis and degradation
Loads need to be higher
Injured : traction(pulling force)> elastic capacity of tissue, overuse( workloads( practice vs match vs days) and actions( fall, COD, impact, Biomechanics)
Eccentric training: Contraction of the muscle while stretching it by increasing the joint angle against it. Loads need to be higher to promote stiffness and CSA
Increase stiffness
Increase in collagen density , angel of attachment of collagen molecules or a decrease in water content. Kjaer 2008.
Increase CSA of the tissue
Cellular Tensegrity Model
muscle Fibre
Fibroblast ( cell that creates collagen creates tendon.)
Cells joint by integrins of the cell membrane and protein connects extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm.
Functional modle of muscle tendon union
N/w of filamentous components that do no touch each other , along with smaller filaments forma structure to create an retain tension. ( provide rigidity and support)
Due to this tension , training at eccentric loads is required
Scheduling and progressing is crucial to see adaptations during during a season.
High intensity and high velocity contractions stimulate adaptive responses in muscle and tendon.
New Serial sarcomeres , change in length of muscle fascicles
AIM:MUSCULATURE ABLE TO GENERATE GREAT FORCE AT ELONGATED POSTION
MORGAN 2001
Using inertial technology( gyro+ accelero) such as Cylindrical flywheels for increased action intensity, cone devices to increase speed, power, explosiveness
Eccentric exercises/ action focus on either increase load/resistance/force or increase speed
Training will increases stiffness and elastic property of the tissue before any hypertrophic chang each occur at the tendon. GEREMIA 2018. **Elastic adaptations through other tissue growth prior to transfers tendon growth.
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Increase CSA and storage capacity of elastic energy in SSC.
Increase muscle and joint stiffness for four days
Formation of residual actomyosin cross bridges due to increase in Ca ions at rest , Edema due to muscle inflamation compresses tissues
causes painful elongations passive
, also lead to permanent increase in passive stiffness due to conenctive tissue restructuring.
Guilhem 2010
Isometric positives Nelson Cronin 2018
Increase tendon strength at that angle
metabolic
For sports that include isometrics
Increases stiffness hence lower EMD
Can increase transerve area without effect on tendon viscoelastic properties, which protect tendons form ballistic movements.text
Chronic Tendonopathies :
Eccentric training for chilies tendon and patellar tendonopathy
Designing eccentric exercises crucial to diminishing symptoms of tendonopathy
Abat 2017 treatment and other aspects of tendinopathies
Combine eccentric with SSC
myotendonous junction loading for adaptation also.
Inertial training can adapt to the speed of execution of a movement to check for any discomfort.
Check to speed at which there is discomfort to gauge a percentage to train at.
Kjae 2014 speed developed in strength training, speed helps in recovery of normal fibrillar alignment of tendons
Concentric actions have a negative impact on tendon Alfredson 2008
Eccentric HSRT ( Heavy slow ) Saartok 2007 good 24RM tenonopathy , improved the symptoms and collagen recovery
Purdam and cook 2018 , isometric to ecentric for competition
Tesch 2016 Combine training and eccentric work ith a protocol of 4 sets of 10 repetitions (the first two to accelerate the device and the next eight at maximum effort),
Joint injuries