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EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Fibroblast cells work on collagen, helping to compact it into sheets and draw it into cables.
  - - - in lacuna
    - - elastic cartilage
        
        prominent
        
        chondrocyte in lacuna
        
        elastin fibres (flexible)
    - - connected by reticular fibres
    - - fibroblast nuclei
      - elastin fibres
      - collagen fibres
      - highly resilient
    - - highly dominated
      - collagen fibres
      - fibroblast nuclei
    - - fibres oriented randomly to allow for resistance to unpredictable tension orientation
      - fibroblast nuclei
      - collagen fibres
      - dominated (cross linked)
- - - - cellulose fibers (polyscccharide) cross-linked with hemicellulose in a matrix of highly branched polysaccharides (eg. pectin) - fibres give the cell wall its tensile strength. Orientation of cellulose fibres dictates how the cell can elongate as they resist stretching
  - - - 25% of total protein mass of body
      - 42 different collagen genes in mammals, but Type I collagen makes up 90% of body's collagen
      - different tissues often contain different types of collagen
      - single collagen polypeptide
        
        triple-stranded collagen molecule (1.5 nm)
        
        collagen fibril (10-300 nm)
        
        collagen fibres (0.5-3 um)
      - kinked, allowing to crosslink
      - pro-collagen termini prevent fibril assembly
        
        orientation of fibres is important
        
        SYNTHESIS OF PRO-alpha CHAIN
        
        HYDROXYLATION OF SELECTED PROLINES AND LYSINES
        
        GLYCOSYLATION OF SELECTED HYDRROXYLYSINES
        
        SELF-ASSEMBLY OF THREE PRO-alpha CHAINS
        
        1 more item...
      - Collagen provides tensile strength in animal connective tissues
    - - provides elasticity to tissues
      - composed of large filaments with lots of random coils that can be compared to springs
      - connected by cross-linked Lysine or hydroxylysines
    - - eg. hyaluronan, chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate
      - highly negatively charged
      - hydrophilic
      - linked to non-fibrous proteins covalently cross linked - proteoglycans - very diverse in size, shape and chemistry
      - Resist compression
      - Tend to adopt highly extended conformations, which occupy a huge volumes relative to their mass - effective 'space fillers'
      - In dense, compact connective tissues like tendons / bone, low proportion of GAGs - mainly collagen. At the other extreme - eye jelly is almost all GAGs and water - small amount o collagen