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SEPARATION OF MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram
SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
Crystallization
Crystallisation is used to produce solid crystals from a solution by warming it.In the end some of the solvent evaporates leaving behind a more concentrated solution in crystal form.
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Distillation
Simple distillation
It is used for the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and have sufficient difference in their boiling points.
It can be used in the separation of acetone and water,distillation of alcohol.
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Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is used for the separation of a mixture of two or more miscible liquids for which the difference in boiling points is less than 25K
It is used in the separation of different fractions from petroleum products and the separation of mixture of methanol and ethanol
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Separating funnel
It is used for the separation of components of a mixture between two immiscible liquid phases. It is based on the differences in the densities of the liquids.
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Chromatography
It is a separation technique used to separate the different components in a liquid mixture.It involves the sample being dissolved in a particular solvent called the mobile phase
Used to separate colors in a dye.To separate pigments from natural colors.To separate drugs from blood.
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Precipitation
It is the formation of a separable solid substance from a solution,
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Evaporation
Fractional Evoparation
A mixture of liquified gases can be evoparated to respective gases to separate them from the liquid mixture by using their boiling points
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is a technique used to separate out homogeneous mixtures that contain one or more dissolved salts.The mixture is heated until no more liquid remains in the beaker
able salt is obtained from the evaporation of sea water and also sugar can be separated from water with this technique
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Centrifugation
centrifugation is the process of separation of insoluble materials from a liquid where normal filtration does not work well.
The device used for it is called a centrifuge which rotates the mixture and due to the centrifugal force, the denser insoluble particles separate from the liquid.
It is used in diagnostic laboratories for blood and urine tests.Used in dairies and home to separate butter from cream.Used in washing machines to squeeze water from wet clothes.
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Filtration
It is used to seperate insoluble particles in liquids using filtration material eg. filter paper and sand beds and leaving behind a residue and clear liquid
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Solvent extraction
In this process one of the componants in the mixture is dissolved in a particular solvent in which it is soluble while the other component does not dissolve.
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Diffusion
It is the movement of a substance from a high concentration area to a low concentration area. It can happen in liquids and gases.
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