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Approaches - Coggle Diagram
Approaches
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Psychodynamic - Freud
Mind made up of ---> conscious (aware of), preconscious (become aware through dreams/parapax), unconscious (vast storehouse of biological drives/instincts that influence behaviour
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Oedipus complex --> phallic stage --> incestuous towards mother + hatred to father --> later repress feelings for mother and identify with their father
Electra complex --> 'penis envy' --> want to kill mother due to lack of penis --> replace desire for penis with baby desire
Defence mechanisms --> used by ego to keep id 'in check' + reduce anxiety repression - forcing memory out of mind, Denial - refusing reality, Displacement - transferring feelings to sub target
Humanistic Approach
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Congruencey (concept of self and person they want to be is congruent) --> if gap is too big = incongruent and self-actualisation = impossible
Unconditional positive regard --> parents who compose conditions of worth may prevent personal growth --> parents who sets boundaries on conditions of worth - 'I'll only love you if..' is creating problems for childs future
Effective therapy should provide client with 3 feelings: genuineness, empathy, unconditional positive regard --> aim is to inc self-worth and reduce incongruence
Influence on counselling psychology --> Roger's client-centred therapy --> Roger's work transformed psychotherapy - 'non-directive' techniques are practised everywhere
Behaviourism
Explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable --> without needing to consider thoughts and feelings --> rejected introspection and believed that everyone to be born a 'tabula rasa' - blank slate
CC (association) --> Pavlov dog --> bell meant food so salivated before it was presented --> NS used to elicit new response through association
OC (consequence) --> Skinner rat --> 3 scenarios --> 1 - lever for food --> 2 - lever for shock --> 3 - lever for shock off
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Biological approach --> behaviour has genetic + neurochemical basis, e.g. 5HT1-D beta gene implicated in OCD
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Theory of evolution --> Darwin theory natural selection --> survival/reproduction behaviour passed through generations
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Wundt
Introspection --> analysing own thoughts and feelings (the mind) --> break up conscious awareness into thoughts, images and sensations
Standard procedures for all ppts --> e.g. ticking metronome - report thoughts, images + sensations