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THE THIRTY YEARS WAR - Coggle Diagram
THE THIRTY YEARS WAR
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FRANCE AND ABSOLUTISM
In the monarchies of the Modern Age, the kings increased their power. However, when absolute monarchies were established, all the power was held by the king.
France became the main example of an absolute monarchy under King Louis XIV in France. His reign had the following characteristic:
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He had a large court of advisors, who lived with him in the luxurious Palace of Versailles.
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He gave the administrative officials, who came from the bourgeoisie, professional status.
He had a board of governors, consisting of ministers who acted under the orders of a Prime Minister or Chancellor.
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He had an extremely well organised professional army. They had access to better weapons and built defensive fortresses.
He intervened in the economy, instigating the following developments for his own benefit including, among others, the introduction of duties and the creation of royal workshops.
Absolutism was supported by the Church. Absolute power was considered a divine right: the king was God’s representative and everyone was accountable to him.
In addition, some thinkers considered an absolute monarchy to be the best possible political system.
Absolutism began to spread to the majority of the European states, except England and Holland, where parliamentary systems were introduced.
The Thirty Years' War took place between 1618 and 1648 and was caused by the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire
it gradually developed into a more general conflict among the great powers in Europe for European political domination. The main phases of this war were the following
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Two sides were formed.
The Emperor had the support of the German Catholics, the King of Spain (who was also from the Habsburg dynasty) and Portugal
The Protestants formed an alliance with Germany, but they were defeated
Swedish participation.
After this defeat, the German Catholics seized the opportunity to take the Protestants' possessions
The King of Sweden came to their aid, creating a greater balance of military power
As a result, a peace treaty was signed, under which religious persecution would be stopped, Protestant property would be returned and Sweden would gain more power in the area
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The toll the war was taking led the powers involved to sign the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, ending the Thirty Years' War. The main consequences of this peace treaty were the following
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