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Cell Organelles and Their Functions, Created by Jeyanthini Sivakumar of…
Cell Organelles and Their Functions
Nucleus:
It is the dense, round, membrane-bound structure found in eukaryotes.
It is the control center of the cell and the brain of the cell as it controls the activities of the cell.
It plays an important role in cellular reproduction as it divides and passes the genetic material to the offspring.
Mitochondria:
It is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
It releases energy in the form of ATP molecules (Adenosine Triphosphate) which is utilized for various activities in the cell.
It is Involved in cellular respiration.
Lysosomes:
They are known as the suicidal bags of the cell.
If the cell is damaged or worn out, the lysosomes digest the cell.
It contains digestive enzymes that can destroy any foreign organic material.
Ribosomes: Their function is to manufacture protein/synthesise protein for the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is involved in the synthesis of fats and lipids, in detoxification of drugs, in metabolism of carbohydrates
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is involved in the transportation of proteins and is the main site of glycosylation.
Golgi Apparatus:
Helps in the storage, modification and packaging of products in vesicles
It is Involved in the formation of lysosomes.
Plastids:
They carry out the process of photosynthesis.
They contribute to the colour of leaves, flowers etc.
Vacuoles:
Provide turgidity and rigidity to plant cells.
Stores some useful substances such as amino acids, sugars, various organic acids etc.
In some organisms specialized vacuole performs the function of expelling waste material and excess of water.
Cell membrane
It is made up of phospholipids and is
selectively permeable
It controls the entry and exit of certain substances in and out of the cell.
It prevents the movement of certain substances/materials.
Created by Jeyanthini Sivakumar of grade 9G