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Decision making and change & organization culture - Coggle Diagram
Decision making and change & organization culture
decision making
the process of choosing a course of action for dealing with the problem or opportunity
decision making process
define problem
analyze alternatives
make a choice
take action
evaluate results
ethics
study of morality that identify right and wrong, regarding good character and conduct
ethical reasoning
decision making examines the consequences of a decision on al stakeholder
Moral dilemma
situation where the decision maker faces two or more ethically uncomfortable alternatives
ethical double checks
criteria
utility
all stakeholder satisfied?
rights
are all rights respected?
Justice
is it right
caring
is it fair to all concerned
spotlight questions
would my family approve this decision
how would i feel if the decision was published
decision are made in context of three general environments
certainty
risk
uncertainty
programmed decisions
involve routine problems that arise regularly and can be addressed through standard responses
non-programmed decisions
involve non-routine problem that requires solutions specifically tailored to he situation at hand
alternative decision making models
classical decision
theory
acts rationally
faces clearly defined problem
Behavioral decision
suggests that people act only term of their perception
satisficing
Garbage can model
the main components : problems, solution, participants, and situation choice
systematics
problem approach utilizing a rational, analytic thinking
intuitive
problem approach that is flexible and spontaneous
judgmental heuristics
simplifying strategies or shortcuts used to make decisions
availability heuristic
involves assessing a current event base on past occurrences that are easily available ones memory
representativeness heuristic
occur based on its similarity to ones stereotypes of similarity occurrences
anchoring and adjustment heuristic
incremental adjustment to an initial valued determined by historical precedent or some reference point
decision bias
confirmation
Hindsight
framing bias
consultative decisions
manager or team solicits input fro other people and based on the information and its interpretation, makes a final choice
team decisions
manager or team leader consults with others and allows them to help make the final choice
skill for managing organizational culture and change
cultural diagnostic skills
cultural strategic skills
change management skills
managing culture skills
employee self-management
sense of shared identity
stability
sense of continuity
socialization
internalizing or taking organization values as ones own
stage of the socialization process
pre-arrival
encounter
Metamorphosis
aspect of organizational culture
cultural uniformity versus heterogeneity
strong weak culture
national versus organizational culture
culture versus formalization
organization change
organization culture can facilitate or inhibit change in an organization
environmental forces
build relationship with customer, supplier and employees
included with
market forces
political and regulatory forces
technology
social trends
internal forces
come from decision made within the company
implementing organizational change
top-down change
change Agents
Bottom-up change