Bronte’s feminist ideas radiate throughout the novel. There are many strong and clear examples of these ideas in Bronte’s protagonist, Jane, her personality, actions, thoughts, and beliefs. From the beginning of the book, Jane’s strong personality is quite clear. She often gets in trouble, arguing with her cousins, and defying Bessie and Miss Abbot, as well as her aunt. She is not afraid to speak her mind and is dogmatic and assertive about her ideas.
Bronte’s Jane Eyre is brimming with feminist ideology rebuking Victorian-Era gender-roll ethics and ideals. As a creative, independent woman with a strong personality and will growing up during this period of female repression, Bronte wrote Jane Eyre as a feminist message to society. She criticizes the average, servile, ignorant Victorian woman, and praises a more assertive, independent, and strong one. She does this through her protagonist Jane, who embodies all of Bronte’s ideal feminine characteristics. She is a strong woman, both mentally and physically, who seeks independence and is in search of individuality, honesty, and above all equality both in marriage and in society in a world that does not acknowledge women as individuals.
Furthermore these characteristics are not confined to the Victorian England environment, indeed we can find them in many European literary scenarios,
Madam Bovarie, by Flaubert, in France
In Gustave Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary, Emma Bovary violates her society's norms regarding so-called proper female behavior because she is dissatisfied living as a middle-class, provincial, married woman and mother whose world is comprised solely by her home, husband, and child. Emma wants the power to accomplish more with her life, but accomplishing more implicitly means that she will have to violate the traditional roles of wife and mother. As Emma violates these roles and eventually realizes that she will never attain happiness, she finds that she is unable to function in society. She therefore suffers from emotional distress that is mirrored by her behavior. Using social construction theory and feminism, one may conclude that Emma is not solely at fault for her unhappiness. Her society helps her to construct ideas and notions regarding her sense of self and others that ultimately impede her ability to function in life.
Anna Karenina, by Tolstoy, in Russia
it is possible,, to trace the slow evolution of women’s ability to remove themselves from male dependency. It is noteworthy that the author uses sexuality and infidelity as themes of assertion and independence. The expression of sexuality as represented in the novels equates it to a form of liberation, the freedom to do as one pleases, regardless of gender, and regardless of society’s moral, civic or religious judgement. This choice gives rise to the understanding that the repression of women throughout the time span served to benefit male dominated society. Although the major themes were sexual, the underlying message was about acting with freedom of choice. The women in the novels who showed freedom in their choices were brave and courageous and although the writers showed these women’s’ independence through sexual activity, the possibility for this activity to take place began in the liberation of their minds.
La Regenta, by Clarìn, in Spain
Ana Ozores, “La Regenta,” is a character who has often been compared to Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and Flaubert’s Emma Bovary. Like them she is a young woman who becomes involved in tempestuous relationships in an oppressive society where she struggles to find her place.
La Regenta is the best novelistic description of a 19th century European woman whose illness was, as the historian of psychiatry Henri F Ellenberger said of Anna O, “the desperate struggle of an unsatisfied young woman who found no outlets for her physical and mental energies, nor for her idealistic strivings.” Freud’s Anna O eventually overcame her symptoms to become a leader of the women’s movement in Germany.