Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Biases & Fallacies, Bias defense, Bias - Coggle Diagram
Biases & Fallacies
-
Confirmation bias
Select information confirming your belief
Interpretation based on your belief even in the face of disconfirming evidence
Ignoring / devaluing other information so it's not objective
Ignoring numerous times it didn't go your way without really considering the content
Happens when you quickly listen to someone or skim through a document/article
Easy ex : - left handed people = more creative.
Voiture se croisent dans les tournants du quartier.
Thinking about mom. Phone ringing... It's her, that's proof ! Yeah but what about all the other times it wasn't her.
Hard ex : Gun control
-
Authority bias
-
-
Ads : doctors, sports, politicians...
Is this authority figure really an expert in this field ?
-
-
-
Backfire effect
Increased belief after correction, belief perseverance
- Continue to believe misinformation.
- often plays a role in people’s belief in pseudoscientific theories, as in the case of people’s belief that vaccines are highly dangerous, and should be avoided
- Religion, flat earth, media...
- when people expect a prophecy to happen and it fails
-
Pain-avoidance bias
-
- soldier dies and mom won't accept
- old marketing strategies won't believe that ads on social media can be revolutionary
Argument from ignorance
- You can't prove that there's an invisible flying unicorn in my bedroom therefore it's there's one
- We can't prove how pyramids were build therefore it's alien
-
A lack of evidence to disprove something doesn't mean it's wrong. It just means that's it's not yet been proven
-
-
-
Einstellung effect
Already having a formed idea in your head of how to solve something which prevents you from finding a better solution
-
-
-
-
-
-
Circular reasoning bias
- The bible says it's the word of god. God only tells the truth. So the bible is true.
- Egg exists because of chicken. Chicken exists because of egg.
-
This is use to prove that, and that is used to prove this
Dog biting its tail analogy
Urgency bias <-- find the bias, make it clear
When someone pressures you and doesn't give you time to think things through.
- "Repent now before it's too late ! The apocalypse is coming !"
- "If you don't take a decision now, it's gonna be too late !"
Bias defense
-
-
-
Slow down, take a couple seconds to your emotional state that makes you reject/accept the belief
Carefully think through relevant information
Don't skim through the content/document or you will suffer from confirmation bias
-
-
-
Feedback
From an unclosed system (to avoid asking people from the same group)
Because people can be biased too, you want to take their feedback as another piece of information
-
Create psychological self-distance
Increasing the distance from your own egocentric perspective
- Look at yourself from a perspective that's different from your own such as the person you're talking to
- what advice would you give to a friend if he was in your situation
- avoid using first person language when asking questions to yourself "what's bothering you in that situation ?"
Bias
-
-
- easy example
- less obvious example
-