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Cortez Janessa " Nervous System" - Coggle Diagram
Cortez Janessa " Nervous System"
classifications of neurons and coverings
bipolar
two processes( 1 axon 1 dendrite):rare rype
unipolar
1 t like processes 2 axons and is a pseudonipolar which deals with skin
multipolar
3 or more processes 1 axon and dendrites: most common and major neuron type in CNS
functions of neurons
motor:carry impulses from CNS to effectors(multipolars)
interneurons: lie between motor and sensory neurons most are entirley with CNS
sensory: transmit impulses from sensory receptors towards CNS (unipolar)
Major functions
integration
processing and interpretation of sensory input
sensory input
activations of effector organs( muscles and glands) produce a response
motor output
information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes
action potential
occurs only in the muscle cells and axon of neurons
in nuerons and involves opening of specific voltage gates channels
action potential do not decay over distance
only leakage channels of Na+ and K+ are open, maintains resting membrane potential
inside of membrane becomes more negative than in resting state Na+ channels begin to rest
at treshold -55 to -50 mv positive feedback
depolarazation: Na+ channels open
re-polarazation: Na+ channels are inactivation and K+ channels open
hyperpolaraztion: some K+ channels remain open and Na+ channel reset
resting state: all gates Na+ and K+ channels are closed
autonomic nervous system
the involuntary system or motor system
makes adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities
supply smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands
pushes blood to areas that need it and adjust heart rate, blood pressure and digestive system
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
consiste of cranial and spinal nerves
sensory/affrent neurons which carry information from body towards CNS
motor /efferent neurons carry instructions away from cns to target organs of the the body
Division
autonomic nervous system
brings information from the receptors in the internal organs
motor neurons to smooth muscke
response are involuntary
somatic nervous sytem
brings information from the skin, speical sense
body wall and limbs to CNS
motor neurons to skeletal muscles
voluntary portion of PNS
tissue
neuron
cell body: contains nucleus
dendrites: recieve portions, short, tapered and highly branched
axons are single and fiber
receives sensory input
motor commands to the muscle
Neurogila
act in support, guiding and development
hold neuron close to blood vessels
help form the blood brain barrir
oligodendroyte: form the myelin sheath for neurons
gangila:cluster f neuron cells bodies in PNS
spinal nerves
connection between the brain and brainstem
extends from medulla oblongta and ends at second lumber (L2)
31 pairs of spinal nerves
conus medularis-end of cord
cervical enlargment:C4-
T1-nerves to and form upper limbs
lumbar enlargment-T9
T12- nerves to and from lower limbs
cranial nerves
olfactory sensory nerve that functions in sense of smell
optic- arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
oculomotor-mostly motor function and most of muscles of eye, eyelid, and pupillary
trochlear-superior oblique muscle of eye
trigeminal-3 branches motor-chewing, sensory skin of face
Neurotransmitters
30-50 different neurotransmitters
synaptic end bulbs may contain 2-3 different ones
needs to be removed nerve indefinendtlhy