Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
depression - Coggle Diagram
depression
evaluation
- STRENGTH BECK has good supporting evidence. Grazoli and Terry assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability and depression before and after birth. they found that women judged to have high cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer post-natal depression. this suggests Beck may be right
- STRENGTH practical application. Beck's explanation forms the basis of cognitive behaviour therapy. the components of the negative triad can be easily identified and challenged in CBT. this is a strength as the explanation translates well into a successful therapy.
- LIMITATION Becks theory does not explain all aspects of depression. depression is a complex disorder and some patients are extremely angry, which Beck can't explain. some depression patients also suffer hallucinations and bizarre beliefs such as coward syndrome ( delusion that they are a zombie) therefore Beck only focuses on one aspect of the disorder
- LIMITATION Ellis' ABC model is a partial explanation of depression. some cases of depression don't arise from activating events. psychologists call this reactive depression and see that it arises without obvious cause. Ellis' explanation only applies to some kinds of depression
characteristics
emotional
- lowered mood - often describe themselves as worthless and empty
- anger - emotions of anger which can lead to aggression
- lowered self esteem - they like themselves less than usual and some describe a sense of extreme self-loathing
cognitive
- poor concentration - unable to stick with a task, difficult to make decisions
- dwelling on the negative - pay more attention to the negative aspects and ignore the positives - glass half empty than half full
- absolutist thinking - 'black and white' thinking, situation either all good or all bad
behavioural
- shift in activity levels - reduced levels of energy, withdraw from work and education and social life, or can lead to psychomotor agitation where individuals struggle to relax
- disruption in sleep and eating behaviour - insomnia and hypersomnia - reduced or increased appetite
- aggression or self harm - can become verbally and physically aggressive directed against the self and others
cognitive approach
-
Ellis' ABC model
- good mental health is the result of rational thinking defined as thinking in ways that allow people to be happy and free of pain
- conditions like depression stem from irrational thoughts which are defined as not illogical or unrealistic but any thoughts that interfere with us being happy or free of pain
A - activating event - focused on situations where irrational thoughts are triggered by external events, we get depressed when we experience negative events which trigger irrational thoughts eg. failing an important test
B - irrational beliefs eg. Musterbation - the ability we must always succeed, Utopianism - the belief that life is always meant to be fair.
C - consequences - when an activating event triggers irrational beliefs, there are emotional and behavioural consequences.