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Bowlby's Monotropic Theory - Coggle Diagram
Bowlby's Monotropic Theory
AMSCI
Adaptive
: attachment is an innate process that gives a survival advantage
Monotropy
: child's attachment to primary caregiver is the most important attachment
Social Releasers
: biologically - predisposed behaviours which encourage adults to attach - mimic talking, giggles or crying
Critical Period
: 6 months to 2.5 years where attachments must form
Internal Working Model
: a mental representation of their relationships with their primary attachment figure which provides a base for all future relationships
Internal Working Model
'self model' - determines how the individual sees themselves
'other model' - determines how an individual perceives social interactions and what they expect from other people
A schema for later relationships
3 main features
: 1. a model of others being trustworthy 2. model as self as valuable 3. model of self as effective when interacting with others
Continuity Hypothesis
: the treatment of a child by the PAF may well lead to them expecting and accepting similar treatment in other relationships in later life
Evaluation
(+) Support for Continuity Hypothesis and IWM
: Hazan and Shaver
(-) Idea of Monotropy not supported by all research
: S&E minority formed multiple attachments at the same time
(-) Ignored significance of temperament
: child's genetically influenced personality - innately some may be more anxious or sociable - this may influence relationships in later life
(-) Overlooks the role of the father and is outdated
: Grossman = mothers more nurturing, fathers more playful
(-) Contradicted by learning theory
: attachment is learnt through reinforcement and association - nurture not nature
(-) Socially Sensitive
: substantial time away from PAF risks poor quality attachment - may make mothers feel like they cannot go back to work so their child isn't at a disadvantage