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Caregiver-Infant Interactions - Coggle Diagram
Caregiver-Infant Interactions
Interactional Synchrony
Baby mirrors what the caregiver is doing in terms of body and facial movements
Included imitating emotions
Reciprocity
Responding to the action of another with a similar action
Two-way/mutual process - turn taking
The behaviour of each party elicits a response from the other
Responses are not necessarily similar as an interactional synchrony
Meltzoff and Moore - IS
Aim
: To investigate how early infants are able to mirror adults
Method
: 6 infants between 12 and 21 days were shown three facial gestures and one manual gesture. their responses were videotapes and scored by observers who not not know which gesture the infants had been shown
Findings
: The results showed that infants of this young age were able to mirror all 4 gestures
Conclusion:
This suggests that synchronised behaviours are innate
(+) Interactional Synchrony is supported by research
: method and findings and link
Brazleton - R
Aim:
To investigate the reciprocal social interactions between mothers and their young infants
Method
: sample of 12 mother-infant pairs who were seen a lot in the first 5 months. They were videotaped and coded. The mother would come out from behind a curtain to play for 3 mins - positive facial expressions. Leave for 30 secs and then return for 3 more mins. The second time the mothers were instructed to have an unresponsive face.
Findings
: It was found that when the mothers were carrying out face-to-face play, the infants were moving smoothly and looking at mothers frequently. When the mothers stopped responding to them, the infants movements became jerky and they averted their glaze. They also tried to get their mothers attention until they gave up and became motionless
Conclusion
: This suggests that reciprocal behaviours are crucial to attachment formation
(+) Reciprocity is supported by research
: method and findings
(+) Practical Application - Antenatal Classes
: improve the quality of caregiver-infant relationships which gives children a better start in life
(+) Well-Controlled Procedures
: Filmed from different angles - fine details can be recorded and analysed later
(-) Problems with testing infants behaviour
: mouths are open a lot and the expressions tested occur frequently by chance - difficult to distinguish between general activity and specific behaviours.
(-) Low Population Validity
: M&M = 6 infants; B = 12 mother-infant pairs. Both very small sample sizes and may be difficult to generalise.